chemia-kuchni: Asbestos

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Asbestos or asbestus ( ass-BES-təs, az-, -⁠toss) is a group of naturally occurring, fibrous silicate minerals that have been used for thousands of years to create flexible fire-resistant objects, such as fireproof fabrics. It is toxic and carcinogenic. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, with each fibre (particulate with length substantially greater than width) composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the atmosphere by abrasion and other processes. Inhalation of asbestos fibres can lead to various dangerous lung conditions, including mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer. As a result of these health effects, asbestos…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

Effects of Packing Density and Chain Length on the Surface Hydrophobicity of Thin Films Composed of Perfluoroalkyl Acrylate Chains: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

Figure 3—figure supplement 1. In an effort to detect conservation of exon size between ML collagen IV genes a database composed of all the exons from each gene was compiled.

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

Figure 1—figure supplement 1. Experimental sites location, each site being composed of permanent forest plots varying in logging intensities, census length (colour) and total area (size).

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

Table 2: All fungi with a richness greater than one percent in each group.

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Naturally occurring asbestos and its possible environmental and health implications in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy).. Asbestos that occurs in the environment and has not been extracted for commercial purposes is commonly referred to as Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA). Research has shown a higher-than-expected incidence of mesothelioma in populations residing near NOA sites across California, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Corsica, and New Caledonia. In Italy, in the area around Pollino Massif (Basilicata region), a total of 124 mesothelioma cases were documented among population living in the villages of Castelluccio Superiore and Inferiore, Lauria, Latronico, Episcopia, San Severino…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Particulate matter (PM) or particulates are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The combination of particulates and air is called an aerosol. Sources of particulate matter can be either natural or occur as a result of human activities. Particulates may adversely affect human health and impact climate and precipitation. Categories of atmospheric particles include inhalable coarse particles, designated PM10, which are particles of coarse granularity, with a particle diameter of 10 micrometers (μm) or less; fine particles, designated PM2.5, with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less; ultrafine particles, PM.10 with a diameter of 100 nanometers (nm) or less; and soot (f…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the mesothelium). The area most commonly affected is the lining of the lungs and chest wall. Less commonly the lining of the abdomen and rarely the sac surrounding the heart, or the sac surrounding each testis may be affected. Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma may include shortness of breath due to fluid around the lung, a swollen abdomen, chest wall pain, cough, feeling tired, and weight loss. These symptoms typically come on slowly. More than 80% of mesothelioma cases are caused by exposure to asbestos. The greater the exposure, the greater the risk. As of 2013,…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Asbestos cement, genericized as fibro, fibrolite (short for "fibrous (or fibre) cement sheet", but different from the natural mineral fibrolite), or AC sheet, is a composite building material consisting of cement and asbestos fibres pressed into thin rigid sheets and other shapes. Invented at the end of the 19th century, the material was adopted extensively during World War II to make easily-built, sturdy and inexpensive structures for military purposes. It continued to be used widely following the war as an affordable external cladding for buildings. Advertised as a fireproof alternative to other roofing materials such as asphalt, asbestos-cement roofs were popular, not only for fire safet…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Talc, or talcum, is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, with the chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Talc in powdered form, often combined with corn starch, is used as baby powder. This mineral is used as a thickening agent and lubricant. It is an ingredient in ceramics, paints, and roofing material. It is a main ingredient in many cosmetics. It occurs as foliated to fibrous masses, and in an exceptionally rare crystal form. It has a perfect basal cleavage and an uneven flat fracture, and it is foliated with a two-dimensional platy form. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison, defines value 1 as the hardness of talc, the softest mineral. Wh…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Tremolite is a member of the amphibole group of silicate minerals with composition Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2. Tremolite forms by metamorphism of sediments rich in dolomite and quartz, and occurs in two distinct forms, crystals and fibers. Tremolite forms a series with actinolite and ferro-actinolite. Pure magnesium tremolite is creamy-white, but the color grades to dark green with increasing iron content. It has a hardness on Mohs scale of 5 to 6. Nephrite, one of the two minerals known as the gemstone jade, is a green crystalline variety of tremolite. The fibrous form of tremolite is one of the six recognised types of asbestos. Inhaling asbestiform tremolite can lead to asbestos…