Ciekawostka: "You" is the second most spoken English word

Evidence: 84 • authority: 72

This article outlines the differences between Malaysian English, Malaysian Colloquial English (Manglish) and British English, which for the purposes of this article is assumed to be the form of English spoken in south east England, used by the British Government, the BBC and widely understood in other parts of the United Kingdom. Malaysian English (MyE), formally known as Malaysian Standard English (MySE), is a form of English used and spoken in Malaysia as a second language. Malaysian English should not be confused with Malaysian Colloquial English, which is famously known as Manglish, a portmanteau of the word Malay and English, or Street English. Manglish can be likened to an English-bas…

Evidence: 84 • authority: 92

Developmental Changes in Infants’ Ability to Cope with Dialect Variation in Word Segmentation. Towards the end of their first year of life, infants learn to ignore variation in sounds not present, or not functional, in their ambient language. Specifically, overly specified word representations are thought to give way to others with which learners can cope better with indexical variation, such as voice and affect, which are not relevant to word identity. This developmental change may help infants in their second year to more efficiently process the ambient language and thus make rapid gains in vocabulary. One particular kind of variability that infants must accommodate is that of dialectal a…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 88

Beyond single words: the most frequent collocations in spoken English. This study presents a list of the highest frequency collocations of spoken English based on carefully applied criteria. In the literature, more than forty terms have been used for designating multi-word units, which are generally not well defined. To avoid this confusion, six criteria are strictly applied. The ten million word BNC spoken section was used as the data source, and the 1,000 most frequent spoken word types from that corpus were all investigated as pivot words. The most striking finding was that there is a large number of collocations meeting the six criteria and a large number of these would qualify for incl…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 88

Beyond single words: the most frequent collocations in spoken English. This study presents a list of the highest frequency collocations of spoken English based on carefully applied criteria. In the literature, more than forty terms have been used for designating multi-word units, which are generally not well defined. To avoid this confusion, six criteria are strictly applied. The ten million word BNC spoken section was used as the data source, and the 1,000 most frequent spoken word types from that corpus were all investigated as pivot words. The most striking finding was that there is a large number of collocations meeting the six criteria and a large number of these would qualify for incl…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 88

Beyond single words: the most frequent collocations in spoken English. This study presents a list of the highest frequency collocations of spoken English based on carefully applied criteria. In the literature, more than forty terms have been used for designating multi-word units, which are generally not well defined. To avoid this confusion, six criteria are strictly applied. The ten million word BNC spoken section was used as the data source, and the 1,000 most frequent spoken word types from that corpus were all investigated as pivot words. The most striking finding was that there is a large number of collocations meeting the six criteria and a large number of these would qualify for incl…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 92

A large-scale Wi-Fi channel state information dataset for contactless human speech recognition.. Wi-Fi sensing has emerged as a promising contactless technology for understanding human activities and interactions by analyzing variations in wireless signals. In this vein, Wi-Fi-based spoken-word recognition from speech-associated movements offers a non-intrusive alternative for capturing speech-related information without microphones, supporting applications in privacy-preserving human-computer interaction, assistive technologies, and smart indoor environments. It is important to note that the Wi-Fi signals do not directly capture acoustic speech waves. Instead, the Channel State Information…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 92

Native and non-native lexical processing in Mandarin: pinyin and tone representation.. The nature of the Chinese mental lexicon is described in this theoretical paper, with a particular focus on the way in which Mandarin is represented and processed, especially with regard to tonal information. Because an alphabetic script (i.e., pinyin) is adopted in China at the earliest stages of reading acquisition, an account is given of the way in which alphabetic orthography is processed, using English as the example. Following from this, a framework for thinking about the processes involved in learning to read Chinese is presented and the impact of pinyin is considered. In particular, it is argued t…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 92

When control words lose control: emergence of top-down processing effects in Spanish spoken word recognition.. Research on cross-dialectal spoken word recognition suggests integrated processing of social and linguistic information, enabled by the encoding of fine-grained sociophonetic detail. Asymmetries in encoding strength have also been documented, especially concerning idealized or socially meaningful variants. To date, the literature has demonstrated discrepancies between immediate and long-term processing, the latter being understudied, along with an overwhelming focus on English varieties. The current study therefore examined immediate and long-term processing of three /s/ variants i…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 72

Below are two estimates of the most common words in Modern Spanish. Each estimate comes from an analysis of a different text corpus. A text corpus is a large collection of samples of written and/or spoken language, that has been carefully prepared for linguistic analysis. To determine which words are the most common, researchers create a database of all the words found in the corpus, and categorized them based on the context in which they are used. The first table lists the 100 most common word forms from the Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual (CREA), a text corpus compiled by the Real Academia Española (RAE). The RAE is Spain's official institution for documenting, planning, and stand…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 72

English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that emerged in early medieval England and has since become a global lingua franca. The language is named after the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Britain after the end of Roman rule. English is the most spoken language in the world, primarily due to the global influence of the British Empire (succeeded by the Commonwealth of Nations) and the rise of the United States. It is the most widely learned second language in the world, with more second‑language speakers than native speakers. However, English is only the third‑most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. English is eithe…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 72

The identity of the longest word in English depends on the definition of "word" and of length. Words may be derived naturally from the language's roots or formed by coinage and construction. Additionally, comparisons are complicated because place names may be considered words, technical terms may be arbitrarily long, and the addition of suffixes and prefixes may extend the length of words to create grammatically correct but unused or novel words. Different dictionaries include and omit different words. The length of a word may also be understood in multiple ways. Most commonly, length is based on orthography (conventional spelling rules) and counting the number of written letters. Alternate…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

South Atlantic English is a variety of the English language which is spoken on islands in the Southern Hemisphere. South Atlantic English is spoken on Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena, but its spread on other islands is unknown. An intelligibility with British English, a linguistic variety of the same country, exists. There are fewer than 10,000 speakers of South Atlantic English. South Atlantic English does not have official status anywhere.