rekordy: Pub

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A pub (short for public house) is, in several countries, a drinking establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term first appeared in England in the late 17th century to differentiate private houses from those open to the public as alehouses, taverns, and inns. Today, there is no strict definition, but the Campaign for Real Ale states a pub has four characteristics: is open to the public without membership or residency serves draught beer or cider without requiring food be consumed has at least one indoor area not laid out for meals allows drinks to be bought at a bar (i.e., not only table service) The history of pubs can be traced to taverns in Ro…

Evidence: 60 • authority: 72

The East End of London, often referred to within the London area simply as the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London and north of the River Thames. It does not have universally accepted boundaries on its northern and eastern sides, though the River Lea is usually seen as the easternmost boundary. Parts of it may be regarded as lying within Central London (though that term too has no precise definition). The term "East of Aldgate Pump" is sometimes used as a synonym for the area. The East End began to emerge in the Middle Ages with initially slow urban growth outside the eastern walls, which later accelerated, especial…

Evidence: 31 • authority: 72

The Puritans were English Protestants of the reformed theology in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. Puritanism played a significant role in English and early American history, especially in the Protectorate in Great Britain, and the earlier European settlement of New England. Puritans were dissatisfied with the limited extent of the English Reformation and with the Church of England's toleration of certain practices associated with the Catholic Church. They formed and identified with various religious…

Evidence: 21 • authority: 72

Calverton () is a village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England and of some 4,247 acres (6.636 sq mi; 1,719 ha; 17.19 km2) in size. It is in the Gedling district, about 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Nottingham, 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Mansfield, and situated, like nearby Woodborough and Lambley, on one of the small tributaries of the Dover Beck. The 2021 census found 7,282 inhabitants in 3,120 households. About 2 miles (3.2 km) miles to the north of the village is the site of the supposed deserted settlement of Salterford. The parish is bounded on the south-east by Woodborough, to the south-west by Arnold, Papplewick and Ravenshead, to the north by Blidworth, and to the north-…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

The ætheling: a study in Anglo-Saxon constitutional history. In his Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Kingship Professor D. A. Binchy reconsidered the early (pre-Norman) Welsh law of succession and concluded that ‘it was recast after the Anglo-Saxon model’. In his view the matter turned on two questions which have an important bearing on both Welsh and English history. When did the ‘Common Celtic’ type of kingship, in which a successor could be drawn from a four-generation group, give way in Wales to a system in which ‘the reigning king nominates his successor, who will normally be his son and only in exceptional circumstances his brother or paternal nephew’, and in particular what is the evidence pro…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

During the 19th century, London grew enormously to become a global city of immense importance. It was the largest city in the world from about 1825, the world's largest port, and the heart of international finance and trade. Railways connecting London to the rest of Great Britain, as well as the London Underground, were built, as were roads, a modern sewer system and many famous sites.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Christchurch is a town, civil parish and former borough in the county of Dorset on the English Channel coast, adjoining Bournemouth in the west, with the New Forest to the east. Historically in Hampshire, it joined Dorset with the reorganisation of local government in 1974 and is the most easterly borough in the county. The town has existed since 650 AD and its close proximity to the Cotentin Peninsula made it an important trading port and a potential target for invasion during the Napoleonic and Second World Wars. Situated at the lowest crossing points of the Avon and Stour, it was originally known as Twynham, from "tweon eam", meaning (the settlement) between two rivers. It was not until…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, with a population of over 69 million in 2024. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering 94,354 square miles (244,376 km2). It shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea, while maintaining sovereignty over the Cr…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Pub names in Great Britain identify traditional drinking establishments. Many pubs are centuries old, from a time when most customers were illiterate but could recognise pub signs or symbolic objects, such as a boot hung outside. Names may be for anything from everyday items to sovereigns and landowners, often represented through coats of arms. Some reflect historic events, occupations, sports, and craftsmen' guilds. Others are rooted in myths and legends, such as the Green Man or local stories like the Moonrakers of Wiltshire. Names may straightforwardly describe their building or the services offered in addition to serving beer. Several refer to stages in growing barley and in brewing or…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Sailors' Home and moral regulation of white European seamen in nineteenth-century India.. This article examines the efforts of British Christian missionaries in regulating the daily lives of European seamen in colonial Indian port cities. Missionaries aimed to reform seamen, who typically lived a life a debauchery and degeneration, by moral regulation and promotion of healthy living and hygienic practices in their everyday lives. Through a study of the Sailors' Home run by Baptist missionaries and several other charitable institutions in Calcutta, this article provides new insights into maritime history, missionary history and colonial politics. Missionaries conceived seamen as not only…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Postscript to Roman Britain. Abstract If we do not take the revolt of Britain from the rule of Constantine III as marking the end of Roman Britain, then we shall have to admit that there is insufficient evidence to determine conclusively when the phenomenon that we have been studying as ‘Roman Britain’ came to a close. The literary evidence for specific events and for the actions-even the existence-of individual people in Britain after 410 is exceedingly scrappy and difficult to interpret, while the archaeology is subject to widely differing interpretations. However, there is just enough material that can safely be put together to indicate that by the middle of the fifth century Britain had…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Pubs, Drunkards, and Licensing Laws. We now move on from the marketplace to the pubs and drinking houses, which as we have already seen, were to be found in the periphery of the market area. Here again we shall see that at times a brief homily in a Midrash can give us a glimpse into social situations in Roman Palestine; when coupled with classical sources, these homilies can help create a picture of how society functioned in that period. I will begin with a passage from Leviticus Rabba, which although it has the hallmarks of a sermon and therefore may not be strictly accurate historically, nonetheless captures the feeling of the times and is thus most instructive to the historian. In order…