Pies: Is something wet

Evidence: 50 • authority: 90

Chemical Communication: The Effects of Stress-Induced Apocrine Sweat on Human Perceptions and Interactions. In times of stress, humans secrete a type of sweat (apocrine sweat) that they do not secrete at any other time. This sweat has been previously shown to influence others who are exposed to it. The current project seeks to explore how apocrine sweat influences the people who are exposed to it. Using the framework of Emotional Contagion Theory, two studies were conducted to assess the effects of stress-induced apocrine sweat on human perceptions and interactions. Study 1 saw participants exposed to either thermoregulatory sweat or apocrine sweat before watching a short, fear-inducing vid…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 92

Conspecific recognition of pedal scent in domestic dogs.. Carnivores rely heavily on scent to communicate with conspecifics. Scent glands located on the underside of the feet provide an especially efficient way of leaving a scent trail. Although domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are well-known for their olfactory abilities and scent marking behaviours, their use of pedal scent for communication remains unknown. We studied the reaction of intact dogs of both sexes to male and female pedal scent as well as a control sample of scent taken from the ground, using sniffing time and nostril usage as an indicator of interest level and emotional valence. In male subjects, only the sniffing duration f…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 72

A mammal (from Latin mamma 'breast') is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterized by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors diverged in the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,640 extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 27 orders. The study of mammals is called mammalogy. The largest orders of mammals, by number of species, are the rodents, bats, and eulipotyphlans (including hedgehogs, moles and shrews). The next thr…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Human emotional odours influence horses' behaviour and physiology.. Olfaction is the most widespread sensory modality animals use to communicate, yet much remains to be discovered about its role. While most studies focused on intraspecific interactions and reproduction, new evidence suggests chemosignals may influence interspecific interactions and emotional communication. This study explores this possibility, investigating the potential role of olfactory signals in human-horse interactions. Cotton pads carrying human odours from fear and joy contexts, or unused pads (control odour) were applied to 43 horses' nostrils during fear tests (suddenness and novelty tests) and human interaction te…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands, from Latin sudor 'sweat', are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. Sweat glands are a type of exocrine gland, which are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. There are two main types of sweat glands that differ in their structure, function, secretory product, mechanism of excretion, anatomic distribution, and distribution across species: Eccrine sweat glands are distributed almost all over the human body, in varying densities, with the highest density in palms and soles, then on the head, but much less on the trunk and the extremities. Their water-based secr…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Dog meat, also known as fragrant meat, or simply fragrant, is the meat derived from dogs. Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world. In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed to a limited extent in Cambodia, China, Vietnam, parts of Northeastern India, Indonesia, Ghana, Laos, Nigeria, Korea and Switzerland. In these areas, the legality of dog meat consumption varies with some nations permitting it or lacking a nationwide ban. It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs were eaten each year by humans. Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional, ritualistic, or day-to-day cuisine, and other cultures c…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

An apocrine sweat gland (; from Greek apo 'away' and krinein 'to separate') is composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. In humans, apocrine sweat glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae (armpits), areola and nipples of the breast, ear canal, eyelids, wings of the nostril, perineal region, and some parts of the external genitalia. Modified apocrine glands include the ciliary glands (glands of Moll) in the eyelids; the ceruminous glands, which produce ear wax; and the mammary glands, which produce milk. The…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Silver Nanoparticles In Natural Waters: Is it Only Humans Who Are To Blame?

Evidence: — • authority: 80

"Everywhere They Talk Only of You": The Celebrity Courtesans and the Writers Who Defiled Them

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Madagascan dogs hail from Africa, unlike their human counterparts

Evidence: — • authority: 88

How to Think Unlike Humans. Chen Qiufan provocatively interrogates the anthropocentric biases constraining human cognition, advocating for a radical epistemological recalibration through speculative fiction. Drawing upon emblematic literary works—Ken Liu’s exploration of multi-temporal beings, Jorge Luis Borges’s infinite informational labyrinth, Ted Chiang’s linguistic determinism, Vladimir Nabokov’s perceptual paranoia, N.K. Jemisin's urban symbiosis, and Ursula Le Guin’s ecological sentience—Chen critiques humanity's limited cognitive frameworks, suggesting they impede meaningful interactions with diverse intelligences. He challenges alignmentism in artificial intelligence, positing that…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Cats don’t avoid strangers who behave badly towards their owners, unlike dogs