Ciekawostka: There are 318,979,564,000 possible combinations of the first four moves in Chess

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king; checkmate occurs when a king is threatened with capture and has no escape. A game can end in various ways besides checkmate: a player can resign, and there are several ways a game can end in a draw. While the exact origins of chess are unclear, modern rules first took form during the Middle Ages. The rules continued to be slightly modified until the early 19th century, when they reac…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Four-player chess (also known as four-handed chess) is a family of chess variants played with four people. The game features a special board typically made of a standard 8×8 square, with 3 rows of 8 cells each extending from each side, and requires two sets of differently colored pieces. The rules are similar to, but not the same as, regular chess. There are a variety of different rule variations; most variations, however, share a somewhat similar board and piece setup. Variations of four-handed chess have been around for centuries. The modern game has been around for over 200 years, popping up in different places in Europe. Historically, the Four-Handed Chess Club, which was founded by Geo…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

An open-source reproducible chess robot for human-robot interaction research.. Recent advancements in AI have accelerated the evolution of versatile robot designs. Chess provides a standardized environment for evaluating the impact of robot behavior on human behavior. This article presents an open-source chess robot for human-robot interaction research, specifically focusing on verbal and non-verbal interactions. The OpenChessRobot recognizes chess pieces using computer vision, executes moves, and interacts with the human player through voice and robotic gestures. We detail the software design, provide quantitative evaluations of the efficacy of the robot, and offer a guide for its reproduc…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

Epilepsy treatment over time: The chess game analogy for choosing, adjusting, and adding antiseizure medications.. Recurrent seizures have such a negative impact upon the lives of persons with epilepsy that their prevention is a constant preoccupation of neurologists. Despite the large number of antiseizure medications (ASMs) currently available and of publications on their putative efficacy, adverse effects, and order of preference to start treatment, there is very little information on how to manage treatment over time. Here, we propose the analogy of a chess game to encourage neurologists to develop strategic decisions at each point in time to correctly manage ASMs toward the best possib…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 72

The opening is the initial stage of a chess game. The other phases are the middlegame and the endgame. A large amount of established opening theory exists, with some theory dating back centuries. Many opening sequences, known as openings, have standard names, such as 1.e4 c5, which is named the "Sicilian Defense"; these can be broken down further into variations. The Oxford Companion to Chess lists 1,327 named openings and variations, and there are many others with varying degrees of common usage. Opening moves that are considered standard are referred to as "book moves", or simply "book". When a game begins to deviate from known theory, the players are said to be "out of book". In some ope…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 72

Capablanca chess, also called Knighted chess, is a family of over twenty Western chess variants which incorporate two new pieces. The family includes Capablanca chess (usually played on a 10×8 board, but Capablanca preferred a 10×10 board), Seirawan chess (on a 8×8 board), Embassy chess, Grand chess (10×10 board), and Gothic chess. The two new pieces combine the powers of knight with that of bishop or rook, hence the term "knighted chess" as used by Cazaux & Knowlton. The new compound pieces are the archbishop or princess which combines moves of a bishop and a knight, and the chancellor or empress which combines moves of a rook and a knight. These new pieces (which go by various other names…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 72

Chess is a board game for two players, played on a square board consisting of 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The players, referred to as "White" and "Black", each control sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns, with each piece type having a different pattern of movement. An enemy piece may be captured (removed from the board) by moving one's own piece onto the square it occupies. The objective of the game is to checkmate (threaten with inescapable capture) the enemy king. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw. The recorded history of chess dates back to the emergence of chaturanga in 7th-century India. Chaturanga is also…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 72

In chess, there is a consensus among players and theorists that the player who makes the first move (White) has an inherent advantage, albeit not one large enough to win with perfect play. This has been the consensus since at least 1889, when the first World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, addressed the issue, although chess has not been solved. Since 1851, compiled statistics support this view; White consistently wins slightly more often than Black, usually achieving a winning percentage between 52 and 56 percent. White's advantage is less significant in blitz games and games between lower-level players, and becomes greater as the level of play rises; however, raising the level of play a…

Evidence: — • authority: 35