rośliny-i-grzyby: List of barefooters

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

This is a list of notable barefooters, real and fictional; notable people who are known for going barefoot as a part of their public image, and whose barefoot appearance was consistently reported by media or other reliable sources, or depicted in works of fiction dedicated to them. A barefoot appearance can be a notable characteristic for an individual, as it has been associated with various cultural contexts throughout human history. In Ancient Greece, philosophers like Socrates and Diogenes adopted a barefoot lifestyle, and since the Middle Ages, it was seen as a sign of religious ascetism. In particular, discalceation, the practice of going constantly barefoot or clad only in sandals, is…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

The history of nudity involves social attitudes to nakedness of the human body in different cultures in history. The use of clothing to cover the body is one of the changes that mark the end of the Neolithic, and the beginning of civilizations. Nudity (or near-complete nudity) has traditionally been the social norm for both men and women in hunter-gatherer cultures in warm climates, and it is still common among many indigenous peoples. The need to cover the body is associated with human migration out of the tropics into climates where clothes were needed as protection from sun, heat, and dust in the Middle East; or from cold and rain in Europe and Asia. The first use of animal skins and clo…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

Nudity is the state of being in which a human is without clothing. While estimates vary, for the first 90,000 years of pre-history, anatomically modern humans were naked, having lost their body hair, living in hospitable climates, and not having developed the crafts needed to make clothing. As humans became behaviorally modern, body adornments such as jewelry, tattoos, body paint and scarification became part of non-verbal communications, indicating a person's social and individual characteristics. Indigenous peoples in warm climates used clothing for decorative, symbolic or ceremonial purposes but were often nude, having neither the need to protect the body from the elements nor any concep…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 72

Depictions of nudity include all of the representations or portrayals of the unclothed human body in visual media. In a picture-making civilization, pictorial conventions continually reaffirm what is natural in human appearance, which is part of socialization. In Western societies, the contexts for depictions of nudity include information, art and pornography. Information includes both science and education. Any image not easily fitting into one of these three categories may be misinterpreted, leading to disputes. The most contentious disputes are between fine art and erotic images, which define the legal distinction of which images are permitted or prohibited. A depiction is defined as any…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 88

Trans history as cultural competence. This chapter argues that knowledge of trans history is an undervalued form of cultural competence in supporting older trans people which deserves to be understood as an integral part of professional development for practitioners in this area. It demonstrates first that the desire to be ‘up to date’ in concepts and terminology of trans experience does not always effectively prepare practitioners to support older trans people, providing a historical overview of changes in trans-related terminology and concepts and of how the experiences of those who transitioned in the 1960s and 1970s may affect their decision making and relationships with medical profess…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 72

The first evidence of human presence in Ireland dates to around 34,000 years ago, with further findings dating the presence of Homo sapiens to 7,000 BC. The receding of the ice formed during the Younger Dryas cold phase of the Quaternary, around 9700 BC, heralds the beginning of Prehistoric Ireland, which includes the archaeological periods known as the Mesolithic, the Neolithic from about 4000 BC, and the Copper Age beginning around 2500 BC with the arrival of the Beaker Culture. The Irish Bronze Age proper begins around 2000 BC and ends with the arrival of the Iron Age of the Celtic Hallstatt culture, beginning about 600 BC. The subsequent La Tène culture brought new styles and practices…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 88

Cultural Contexts of Relational Aggression. Theories and models suggest cultural influences on children’s family and peer socialization. It is conceivable, therefore, that the development of relational aggression, which is a part of developmentally salient social experiences, may appear differently, depending on cultural contexts. The goal of this chapter is to summarize cross-cultural, international studies that have examined the development of relational aggression in various cultural contexts. Specifically, studies are reviewed that have evaluated psychometric properties of measures and have explored social-cognitive processes, peer relationships, victimization experiences, and psychopat…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 92

Ethnobotanical anthelmintics of the Napu People in Indonesia during the schistosomiasis-endemic.. Background The highland community of Napu in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, possesses unique traditional and supernatural knowledge and practices for managing helminthiasis, locally known as Kekaindoro . Helminthiasis is considered a dangerous condition, even though it does not directly cause death. Aim This study aimed to explore the community's understanding of helminthiasis, their use of medicinal plants (MPs), and perceptions of the efficacy of these treatments. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews. Qualitative ethnomedicine d…