Niezwykłe właściwości wody

Evidence: 37 • authority: 88

Czy może istnieć świat rzeczy bez rzeczy? Problem badania inwentarzy dóbr w historii sztuki. The paper addresses a problem which traditional art history has thus far ignored, i.e. the examination of items listed in inventories of property. Art historians usually approach concrete works of art to textualize them, while they are helpless confronting items “hidden” behind a text. In the context of the “materiality turn,” inventories reveal their paradoxical character since they include “personal” information about individual objects. If one assumes that the inventory is an instrument used to examine the objects listed in it, one must also realize a basic paradox of approaching them via their p…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 88

Czy może istnieć edukacja bez filozofii?. The aim of this paper is to compare two models of education. The first is the instrumental model which perceives education as a process of preparing students for future professional life. The second one perceives education as a way to build our individuality. The instrumental and economical model became very popular in the second half of the 20th century and still strengthens its position. The second model sees itself as a continuation of long European history of philosophy of education and serves as the counterbalance to the instrumental model. In the paper it will be argued that the second (classical) model of education is more useful for the deve…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Supercooling phenomenon and water content independence in the overwintering beetle, Coleomegilla maculata

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Heat transfer in paraffin oil/water emulsion involving supercooling phenomenon

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Supercooling phenomenon and temporal and temperature independence of water content in an overwintering insect

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Ice-nine is a fictional material that appears in Kurt Vonnegut's 1963 novel Cat's Cradle. Ice-nine is described as a polymorph of ice which instead of melting at 0°C (32°F) melts at 45.8°C (114.4°F). When ice-nine comes into contact with liquid water below 45.8°C, it acts as a seed crystal and causes the solidification of the entire body of water, which quickly crystallizes as more ice-nine. As humans are 55-60% water, ice-nine kills nearly instantly when ingested or brought into contact with soft tissues exposed to the bloodstream, such as the eyes or lips. In the story, ice-nine is invented by Dr. Felix Hoenikker while working on the Manhattan Project in response to a suggestion from a Ma…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Supercooling, also known as undercooling, is the process of lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid. Per the established international definition, supercooling means "cooling a substance below the normal freezing point without solidification". While it can be achieved by different physical means, the postponed solidification is most often due to the absence of seed crystals or nuclei around which a crystal structure can form. The supercooling of water can be achieved without any special techniques other than chemical demineralization, down to −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F). Supercooled water can occur naturally, for example in the atmosphere, animals o…