starożytność: Euphronios

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Megaris, Pagai. Dedicatory graffito, late Archaic/early Classical

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Euphronios (Greek: Εὐφρόνιος; c. 535 – after 470 BC) was an ancient Greek vase painter and potter, active in Athens in the late 6th and early 5th centuries BC. As part of the so-called "Pioneer Group," (a modern name given to a group of vase painters who were instrumental in effecting the change from black-figure to red-figure pottery), Euphronios was one of the most important artists of the red-figure technique. His works place him at the transition from Late Archaic to Early Classical art, and he is one of the first known artists in history to have signed his work.

Evidence: 56 • authority: 72

Psiax was an Attic vase painter of the transitional period between the black-figure and red-figure styles. His works date to circa 525 to 505 BC and comprise about 60 surviving vases, two of which bear his signature. Initially he was allocated the name "Menon Painter" by John Beazley. Only later was it realised that the artist was identical with the painters signing as "Psiax". Psiax collaborated with the potters Hilinos, Menon, Andokides and Nikosthenes. While he started as a painter in the black-figure technique, he played a major role in the early development of red-figure, which was invented in the workshop of Andokides. The black-figure Antimenes Painter, working for the same workshop,…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

LATE ARCHAIC AND EARLY CLASSICAL WELLS

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Bacchylides (; Ancient Greek: Βακχυλίδης Bakkhulides; c. 518 – c. 451 BC) was a Greek lyric poet. Later Greeks included him in the canonical list of Nine Lyric Poets, which included his uncle Simonides. The elegance and polished style of his lyrics have been noted in Bacchylidean scholarship since at least Longinus. Some scholars have characterized these qualities as superficial charm. He has often been compared unfavourably with his contemporary, Pindar, as "a kind of Boccherini to Pindar's Haydn". However, the differences in their styles do not allow for easy comparison, and translator Robert Fagles has written that "to blame Bacchylides for not being Pindar is as childish a judgement as…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Attica, Athens. Rupestral obscene graffiti, late Archaic and early Classical

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Sikyon. Kryoneri (Lechova Cave). Graffito, Late Archaic/Early Classical.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Euthymides (Ancient Greek: Εὐθυμίδης; fl. c. 515 – c. 500 BCE) was an ancient Athenian potter and painter of vases. He was a member of the art movement later known as the Pioneer Group for their exploration of the new decorative style known as red-figure pottery. His works are known for their innovative use of foreshortening, and include the Revellers Vase, inscribed with a taunting message addressed to his fellow painter and rival Euphronios. Euthymides's father was named Pollias, and may have been a noted Athenian sculptor by the same name. He was closely connected to the other artists of the Pioneer Group, including Euphronios and Phintias, whose work was characterised by a detailed stud…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Revellers Vase is a Greek vase originating from the Archaic period. It was made around 510 BCE in the red-figure pottery style and the painting is attributed to Euthymides. The vase is an amphora (a type of vessel normally used for storage), painted with two scenes: one depicts three nude partygoers, and the other the Trojan hero Hector arming for battle. It is an example of the work of the Pioneer Group, which employed the red-figure style with an interest in human anatomy and the use of dynamic, space-filling poses. The work represents an early use of foreshortening and three-quarter views of figures in Greek vase-painting, breaking with earlier conventions of employing profile and fr…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Pioneer Group is a term used by scholars for a number of vase painters working in the potters' quarter of Kerameikos in ancient Athens around the beginning of the 5th century BC, around the time of the emergence of red-figure vase painting, which soon displaced the previously dominant black-figure style. Described by the British art historian John Boardman as perhaps the first conscious art movement in the western tradition, historians had included a number of artists in the group, including Epiktetos, Euphronios, Euthymides, Oltos, Phintias, Smikros, Hypsis, and the Dikaios Painter. Archaeologist John Beazley was the first to identify these artists as a coherent group in his works publ…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Euphronios Krater (or Sarpedon Krater) is an ancient Greek terra cotta calyx-krater, a bowl used for mixing wine with water. Created around 515 BC, it is the only complete example of the 27 vases painted by the renowned Euphronios and is considered one of the finest Ancient Greek vases in existence. Illegally excavated from an Etruscan cemetery near Cerveteri, it was part of the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from 1972 to 2008, until repatriated to Italy under an agreement negotiated in February 2006. It is now in the collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Cerveteri as part of a policy of returning stolen works of art to their place of origin.