internet: Colorism

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

Discrimination based on skin tone, also known as colorism, shadeism or pigmentocracy, is a form of prejudice and discrimination in which individuals of the same race receive benefits or disadvantages based on their skin tone. More specifically, colorism is the process of discrimination that marginalizes darker-skinned people over their lighter-skinned counterparts. Historically, colorism on a global scale has colonial roots, ranging from early class hierarchies in Asia to its impact on Latinos and African Americans through European colonialism and slavery in the Americas. Colorism focuses on how racism is expressed in the psychology of a people and how it affects their concepts of beauty, w…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Groups Weight Outside Information Less Than Individuals Do, Although They Shouldn’t

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

Brazilian society is made up of a confluence of people of Indigenous, Portuguese, and African descent. Other major significant groups include Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Lebanese, Eastern Europeans, and Japanese. Latin Europe accounted for four-fifths of the arrivals (2.25 million Portuguese, 1.5 million Italians, and 700,000 Spaniards). Brazil has seen greater racial equality over time. According to a recent review study, "There has been major, albeit uneven, progress in these terms since slavery, which has unfortunately not wholly translated into equality of income: only in 2011 did the black-to-white income ratio eclipse its 1960 level, although it appears to be at an all-time high. Ed…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 80

Comparisons against baseline within randomised groups are often used and can be highly misleading

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

Anti-Black racism, also called anti-Blackness, colourphobia or negrophobia, is characterised by prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination or extreme aversion towards people who are racialized as Black (especially those from sub-Saharan Africa and its diasporas), as well as a loathing of Black culture worldwide. Such sentiment includes, but is not limited to, the attribution of negative characteristics to Black people; the fear, strong dislike or dehumanisation of Black men; and the objectification (including sexual objectification) and dehumanisation of Black women. First defined by Canadian social workers and scholar Akua Benjamin, the term anti-Black racism (ABR) originally describ…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

Physical attractiveness is the extent to which a person's physical features are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful. The term often implies sexual attractiveness or desirability but can also be distinct. Many factors influence one person's attraction to another, with physical aspects being one of them. Physical attraction includes universal perceptions common across human cultures, such as facial symmetry, as well as socioculturally dependent attributes, and personal preferences unique to each individual. In many cases, humans subconsciously attribute positive characteristics, such as intelligence and honesty, to physically attractive people, a psychological phenomenon called the…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Red hair, also known as ginger hair, is a human hair color found in 2–6% of people of Northwestern European ancestry, typically those of Celtic ancestry, and smaller amounts in other populations. It is most common in individuals homozygous for a recessive allele on chromosome 16 that produces an altered version of the MC1R protein. Red hair varies in hue from a deep burgundy or bright copper, or auburn, to burnt orange or red-orange to strawberry blond. Characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin, it is typically associated with type I of the Fitzpatrick scale, freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light, althoug…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Racism in Hispanic and Latino American communities often manifests as anti-Black and anti-Indigenous racism. White and lighter-skinned Hispanics and Latinos may harbor racist views towards Afro-Latinos and the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Colorism in Hispanic and Latino communities may manifest as prejudice or discrimination against darker-skinned people by lighter-skinned Hispanics and Latinos. Native-born Hispanics and Latinos may exhibit xenophobic bias against immigrants from Latin America. Some Hispanic/Latino Americans have joined far-right political movements known for racism, white supremacy, xenophobia, and antisemitism.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Colorism in the Caribbean describes discrimination based on skin tone, or colorism, in the Caribbean. Colorism is defined as "Prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on the shade of brown skin tone, typically among people of the same ethnic or racial group. This discrimination can be towards both light and dark shades of brown. " The coining of the term "colorism" is commonly attributed to American Alice Walker in her 1983 book In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose. Colorism is a global phenomenon, which affects communities of color all over the world. However, histories of slavery and colonialism have resulted in the prominence of colorism within diasporic black c…