mapy-i-podróże: Environmental impacts of prehistoric humans

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main island of Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, lies between the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It has an area of 35,808 square kilometers (13,826 square miles), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The combined territories under ROC control consist of 168 islands in total covering 36,193 square kilometers (13,974 square miles). The largest metropolitan area is…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 80

Indigenous tribes engineered British Columbia’s modern hazelnut forests more than 7000 years ago

Evidence: 25 • authority: 80

Grisly find suggests humans inhabited Arctic 45,000 years ago

Evidence: 25 • authority: 80

Do Logs from Tropical Rain Forests Contain More Plant Nutrients than Logs from Temperate Forests

Evidence: 25 • authority: 72

Prehistoric and Indigenous cultures significantly transformed their environments by constructing irrigation systems and terraces, building roads and structures, clearing forests, hunting wildlife, growing crops, and managing livestock. These behaviors were common in most habitats where humans lived, and they ushered in the Anthropocene era – the epoch defined by major human impacts on the Earth. Prehistoric hunter-gatherers used fire to clear dense vegetation, improve mobility, and facilitate hunting. The development of agriculture accelerated the impact of humans on the surrounding landscapes. Farming often required clearing cropland, preparing soils, diverting or controlling water, and cu…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

It is believed that the peopling of the Americas began when Paleolithic hunter-gatherers (Paleo-Indians) entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge, which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum (26,000 to 19,000 years ago). These populations expanded south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, either by sea or land, and spread rapidly southward, occupying both North and South America no later than 14,000 years ago, and possibly before 20,000 years ago. The earliest populations in the Americas, before roughly 10,000 years ago, are known as Paleo-Indians. Indigenous peoples…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Indigenous peoples are characterized by self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model, although there is no generally accepted definition of the concept. Estimates of the population of Indigenous peoples range from 250 million to 600 million. There are some 5,000 distinct Indigenous peoples spread across every inhabited climate zone and inhabited continent of the world. Most Indigenous peoples are in a minority in the state or traditional territory they inhabit and have experienced domination by other groups, especially non-Ind…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Indigenous peoples of California, commonly known as Indigenous Californians or Native Californians, are a diverse group of nations and peoples that are indigenous to the geographic area within the current boundaries of California before and after European colonization. There are currently 109 federally recognized tribes in the state and over forty self-identified tribes or tribal bands that have applied for federal recognition. According to the 2020 US Census, California has the largest number of Native Americans and the third largest population (by percent) in the United States. Most tribes practiced forest gardening or permaculture and controlled burning to ensure the availability of food…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Status of Legal Recognition of Indigenous Peoples’, Local Communities’ and Afro-descendant Peoples’ Rights to Carbon Stored in Tropical Lands and Forests

Evidence: — • authority: 88

State of Indigenous Peoples', Local Communities', and Afro-descendant Peoples' Carbon Rights in Tropical and Subtropical Lands and Forests. This brief summarizes findings from a study undertaken by the Rights and Resources Initiative and McGill University to systematically analyze the carbon rights held by Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples in 33 countries in Africa (11), Asia (9), and Latin America (13) that cover over 35% of the world’s forest. We examine whether and how countries protect the rights necessary for communities to manage, control, and benefit from carbon on their lands and to access compensation and justice when they are affected by carbon tra…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Climate Adaptation and Resilience for Women, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in Tropical Forests. This rapid evidence review is the first in a series of reports prepared in support of a Knowledge for Development and Diplomacy (K4DD) evidence and policy clinic on effective climate adaptation in tropical forest settings. This review explores factors leading to both positive and maladaptive outcomes for communities living in and around tropical forests following climate-related mitigation and adaptation initiatives, with a particular focus on Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs). For the purposes of this review, adaptation approaches for communities living in a range of tr…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

How climate, Indigenous people, and fire shaped Brazil's Araucaria Forests through the Late Holocene.. For millennia, climate changes and Indigenous peoples have influenced Earth’s tropical and subtropical forests. Their relative importance affects our understanding of these ecosystems’ resilience to current anthropogenic changes, so is subject to intensive research and debate. South America’s Atlantic Forest, a global biodiversity hotspot, has been largely absent from this conversation. Here we focus on one of this region’s most iconic, ancient and threatened formations—southern Brazil’s highland mosaic of Araucaria Forest and Campos grasslands. Using novel integrations of palaeo-data and…