szkoła-i-dom: Greeks

Evidence: 70 • authority: 72

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, romanized: elliniká [eliniˈka] ; Ancient Greek: ἑλληνική, romanized: hellēnikḗ [helːɛːnikɛ́ː]) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to the territories that have had populations of Greeks since antiquity: Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Turkey, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approxima…

Evidence: 56 • authority: 72

Albanian (endonym: shqip [ʃcip] , gjuha shqipe [ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ] , or arbërisht [aɾbəˈɾiʃt] ) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanic branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan group. It is the native language of the Albanian people. Standard Albanian is the official language of Albania and Kosovo, and a co-official language in North Macedonia and Montenegro, where it is the primary language of significant Albanian minority communities. Albanian is recognized as a minority language in Italy, Croatia, Romania, and Serbia. It is also spoken by long-established communities in Greece, and by the Albanian diaspora, which is generally concentrated in the Amer…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Armenian (endonym: հայերեն, hayeren, pronounced [hɑjɛˈɾɛn] ) is the sole member of an independent branch in the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of the Armenian people and the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken in the Armenian highlands, today Armenian is also widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written in its own writing system, the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. The estimated number of Armenian speakers worldwide is between five and seven million.

Evidence: 40 • authority: 72

Akkadian ( ə-KAY-dee-ən; Akkadian: 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑(𒌝), romanized: Akkadû(m)) is an East Semitic language that is attested in ancient Mesopotamia (Akkad, Assyria, Isin, Larsa, Babylonia) from the mid-third millennium BC until its gradual replacement in common use by Old Aramaic among Mesopotamians by the 8th century BC. Akkadian, which is the earliest documented Semitic language, is named after the city of Akkad, a major centre of Mesopotamian civilization during the Akkadian Empire (c. 2334–2154 BC). It was written using the cuneiform script, originally used for Sumerian, but also used to write multiple languages in the region including Eblaite, Hurrian, Elamite, Old Persian and Hittite. The infl…

Evidence: 40 • authority: 80

The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian

Evidence: 40 • authority: 80

The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian

Evidence: 40 • authority: 72

Sanskrit (; stem form संस्कृत; nominal singular संस्कृतम्, saṃskṛtam,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these re…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 80

The Indo-European Language Family: Questions about its Status

Evidence: 34 • authority: 80

The Reconstruction of the Vocabulary of Material Culture and the Time Depth of a Language Family (Military Terminology in the Proto-Indo-European Language and Its Subclades)

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

Suret (Syriac: ܣܘܪܝܬ, pronounced [ˈsuːrɪtʰ], [ˈsuːrɪθ]), also known as Assyrian, is any of several varieties of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) spoken by the modern Assyrian people. The various NENA dialects descend from Old Aramaic, the lingua franca in the later phase of the Assyrian Empire, which slowly displaced and was influenced by the East Semitic Akkadian language beginning around the 10th century BC. They have been further heavily influenced by Classical Syriac, the Middle Aramaic dialect of Edessa, after its adoption as an official liturgical language of the Syriac churches, but Suret is not a direct descendant of Classical Syriac. Suret-speaking Assyrians are indigenous to Upper…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

In biological taxonomy, a taxonomic rank denotes the level that a group of organisms—either taxon or clade—occupies in a hierarchical system of classification, which is usually but not necessarily based on evolutionary relationships between those organisms. Some authors prefer to use the term nomenclatural rank, contending that, according to some definitions, the hierarchical rank occupied by a group of organisms is more accurately described as concept of nomenclature rather than taxonomy. In general, the most inclusive taxa (or clades), such as the Eukarya and Animalia, are assigned the highest ranks in a particular system of taxonomy, whereas the least inclusive ones, such as Homo sapiens…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A Latin tag is a Latin phrase or expression conventionally used in the English language, either in ordinary speech and writing or as terminology associated with specific fields such as law, medicine, logic, administration, religion, and scholarship. Some occur as complete phrases, sayings or maxims, while others primarily appear in an abbreviated form. Many Latin tags have become substantially incorporated into the English language, with examples in widespread use including ad hoc, ad infinitum, ad nauseam, bona fide, de facto and de jure, per capita, per se, prima facie, quid pro quo, sine qua non, status quo, and vice versa, while many others remain principally associated with particular…