rośliny-i-grzyby: Arecaceae

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Arecaceae () are a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are colloquially called palm trees. Currently, 181 genera with around 2,600 species are known, most of which are restricted to tropical and subtropical climates. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves, known as fronds, arranged at the top of an unbranched stem, except for the Hyphaene genus, which has branched palms. However, palms exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics and inhabit nearly every type of habitat within t…

Evidence: 63 • authority: 72

Rattan, also spelled ratan (from Malay: rotan), is the name for roughly 600 species of Old World climbing palms belonging to subfamily Calamoideae. The greatest diversity of rattan palm species and genera are in the closed-canopy old-growth tropical forests of Southeast Asia, though they can also be found in other parts of tropical Asia and Africa. Most rattan palms are ecologically considered lianas due to their climbing habits, unlike other palm species. A few species also have tree-like or shrub-like habits. Around 20% of rattan palm species are economically important and are traditionally used in Southeast Asia in producing wickerwork furniture, baskets, canes, woven mats, cordage, and…

Evidence: 63 • authority: 72

The Coryphoideae is one of five subfamilies in the palm family, Arecaceae. It contains all of the genera with palmate leaves, excepting Mauritia, Mauritiella and Lepidocaryum, all of subfamily Calamoideae, tribe Lepidocaryeae, subtribe Mauritiinae. The subfamily comprises approximately 46 genera and more than 400 species, with members occurring across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions worldwide, best known for their palmate or costapalmate (“fan”) leaves. Historically, this leaf form played a disproportionate role in palm classification, leading to the long-standing assumption that all fan palms represented a single, closely related evolutionary lineage. However, all Corypho…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 72

Marcescence is the withering and persistence of plant organs that normally are shed, and is a term most commonly applied to plant leaves. The underlying physiological mechanism is that trees transfer water and sap from the roots to the leaves through their vascular cells, but in some trees as autumn begins, the veins carrying the sap slowly close until a layer of cells called the abscission layer completely closes off the vein allowing the tree to rid itself of the leaf. Leaf marcescence is most often seen on juvenile plants and may disappear as the tree matures. It also may not affect the entire tree; sometimes leaves persist only on scattered branches. Marcescence is most obvious in decid…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Cytological aspects of pollen germination in Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae).. Little is known about the dynamics of pollen germination in palms. Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) is native to the Amazon but also occurs in wetland areas (veredas) within the Cerrado. The species is dioecious and, in this environment, exhibits supra-annual flowering, which underscores the importance of post-pollination events for its reproductive success. The aim of this study was to define the stages of buriti pollen germination, to describe the mobilization of reserve compounds, and to examine subcellular changes during pollen tube development. Cytochemical tests and ultrastructural analyses were performed throughou…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Climbing palms are genera in the family Arecaceae that grow as lianas. Initially erect, the slender stems seek out trees for support and climb up into the forest canopy by means of recurved hooks and spines growing on the stem, leaves and inflorescences. In all climbing palms the leaves are pinnate and grow along the stem instead of forming a dense crown. The stems of climbing palms, more often referred to as canes, are solid in contrast to bamboo poles which are almost always hollow. The majority of climbing palms are also clumping palms [and sympodial], sending out new shoots from [below ground as suckers]. About 600 species of palms in genera have a climbing growth habit. Most noteworthy…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

In Vitro Antigiardial Activity of Selected Plants From the Indonesian Rain Forest Identified Based on Behavioral Observations of Sumatran Orangutans.. Background and aims This study evaluated in vitro antigiardial activity in 16 Indonesian plants extracted in methanol, methanol-tetrahydrofuran (1:1), and water. These plants exhibiting promising antiparasitic activity were selected on the basis of collected behavioral data and the ability of these plants to decrease parasite load in Sumatran orangutans. Methods Plant extracts of different concentrations (0.15625-10 mg/mL) and metronidazole (100 μg/mL), a standard antigiardial drug, were incubated with 10 5 trophozoites per milliliter of grow…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Palm phytoliths in subarctic Canada imply ice-free winters 48 million years ago during the late early Eocene.. Background and aims Phytoliths are microscopic siliceous structures produced in specific tissues by many plant families. The morphological features of phytoliths are diagnostic for many plant taxa and, given their inorganic composition, often become part of the fossil record. We used phytolith remains from lacustrine sediments to document the conclusive presence of Arecaceae (palms) in subarctic Canada during the late early Eocene (48 Ma). Methods Palm phytoliths and aquatic microfossils were extracted from lacustrine mudstones in a drill core taken from the Giraffe kimberlite pipe…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Arenga hookeriana (commonly known as the hooker fishtail palm) is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae found in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand.

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Genetic Transformation of Some Tropical Trees, Shrubs, and Tree-like Plants