Ciekawostka: US gold coins used to say “In Gold We Trust”

Evidence: 67 • authority: 88

Gold Coins in a Fiat Currency. We investigate the feasibility of minting gold coins with a face value in excess of their bullion value, to circulate as currency alongside paper money. The problem is modelled in a partial equilibrium setting where individuals hold money because they face unpredictable liquidity shocks. Gold coins have a positive expected return. They are less costly to hold than money and are used to meet large, infrequent shocks. An issue of gold coins increases total money demand. Depending on the nature of the liquidity shocks, the seignorage gains to Government from the increase in money holdings may exceed the cost of the gold used in the coins.

Evidence: 67 • authority: 72

The baht (; Thai: บาท, pronounced [bàːt̚]; sign: ฿ or บ.; code: THB) is the official currency of Thailand. It is divided into 100 satang (สตางค์, pronounced [sà.tāːŋ]; sign: st. or สต.). The currency was officially adopted during the Sukhothai period (1238–1438 CE) and continuously issued since. Initially issued in the podduang form, King Rama IV decided to switch to flat coins in 1860. The baht was then decimalised in 1897, before which the baht was divided into 8 fueang (เฟื้อง, pronounced [fɯá̯ŋ]), each into 8 at (อัฐ, pronounced [ʔàt̚]), and each into 100 bia (เบี้ย, pronounced [bîa]). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand. SWIFT ranked the Thai baht as…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. The faces of coins or medals are sometimes called the obverse and the reverse, referring to the front and back sides, respectively. The obverse of a coin is commonly called heads, because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse is known as tails. The first metal coins – invented in the ancient Greek world and disseminated during the Hellenistic period – were preci…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

The Indian Head gold pieces or Pratt-Bigelow gold coins were two separate coin series, identical in design, struck by the United States Mint: a two-and-a-half-dollar piece, or quarter eagle, and a five-dollar coin, or half eagle. The quarter eagle was struck from 1908 to 1915 and from 1925–1929. The half eagle was struck from 1908 to 1916, and in 1929. The pieces remain the only US circulating coins with recessed designs. These coins were the last of their denominations to be struck for circulation, ending series that began in the 1790s. President Theodore Roosevelt, from 1904, vigorously advocated new designs for United States coins, and had the Mint engage his friend, the sculptor Augustu…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is defined by a fixed quantity of gold. The gold standard was the basis for the international monetary system from the 1870s to the early 1920s, and from the late 1920s to 1932 as well as from 1944 until 1971, when the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the US dollar into gold, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system. Many states nonetheless hold substantial gold reserves. Historically, the silver standard and bimetallism have been more common than the gold standard. The shift to an international monetary system based on a gold standard reflected accident, network externalities, and…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 80

We Have Gold Because We Cannot Trust Governments

Evidence: 51 • authority: 88

In Gold We Trust: Zimbabwe's Gold-Backed Digital Currency. In response to economic instability and ongoing currency depreciation, Zimbabwe has recently launched a gold-backed digital currency. This innovative approach uses blockchain technology to issue tokens linked to the value of physical gold. The aim is to provide a reliable and secure value holder in a country suffering from frequent hyperinflation and a significantly depreciated local currency.

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

"In God We Trust" (also rendered as "In God we trust") is the United States national motto, as well as the official motto of the U.S. state of Florida, and the nation of Nicaragua (Spanish: En Dios confiamos). It was adopted by the U.S. Congress in 1956, via a joint resolution, replacing E pluribus unum ("Out of many, one"), which had been the de facto motto since the initial design of the Great Seal of the United States. It was signed in law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The phrase first appeared on U.S. coins in 1864. The fourth stanza of the U.S. national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner", adopted from the 1814 poem "The Defence of Fort M'Henry", contains the line: "And this be our…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Coins, Bodies, Games, and Gold: The Politics of Meaning in Archaic Greece

Evidence: — • authority: 88

An Historical Analysis of Byzantine Gold Coins Unearthed at Bakhtak Castle in Leilan. Abstract The extensive damage inflicted by human factors on the western wall of Bakhtak Leilan Castle prompted the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism of Iran to initiate an excavation plan. This plan aimed to assess the extent of destruction and facilitate restoration efforts, incorporating the site into its list of priority programs. Excavations conducted at the site unveiled the wall along with two historical towers from the ancient Parthian era. Additionally, a diverse array of pottery spanning the Parthian and Sassanid periods was uncovered. Notably, the excavation program in Trench G5 yielded g…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Indian Head Eagle – amerykańska złota moneta obiegowa o nominale dziesięciu dolarów amerykańskich projektu rzeźbiarza Augustusa Saint-Gaudensa, wybijana przez U.S. Mint w latach 1907–1933. W latach 1907–1908 moneta wybijana była bez dewizy „In God We Trust” na prośbę prezydenta Theodore’a Roosevelta. Po naciskach Kongresu, od 1908 roku, moneta emitowana była już z dewizą umieszczoną na rewersie. Projekt monety wywołał początkowo kontrowersje ze względu na plotki dotyczące domniemanych modelek artysty oraz ze względu na to, że na głowie Miss Liberty, po namowach Roosevelta, Saint-Gaudens umieścił indiański pióropusz. Monety o nominale 10 dolarów (Eagle) zostały ustanowione na mocy uchwalonej…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Lux Mundi – dziewiąty album studyjny szwajcarskiego zespołu metalowego Samael wydany 29 kwietnia 2011 roku przez Nuclear Blast Records. Jest to ostatni album z udziałem wieloletniego basisty Masa, który opuścił zespół w lutym 2015 roku. W 2019 roku album ten został ponownie nagrany i wydany przez Napalm Records. Do utworów „Luxferre” i „In Gold We Trust” nakręcono teledyski. Tytuł płyty w języku łacińskim oznacza „Światło świata”. Na tym albumie podobnie jak na poprzednim zespół zaczął łączyć industrial metal z black metalem. Jednak tutaj brzmienie było dużo cięższe niż na Above. Album ten okazał się dużym sukcesem i otrzymał wiele pozytywnych recenzji.