rekordy: Baboon

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Baboons are primates comprising the genus Papio, one of the 23 genera of Old World monkeys, in the family Cercopithecidae. There are six species of baboon: the hamadryas baboon, the Guinea baboon, the olive baboon, the yellow baboon, the Kinda baboon and the chacma baboon. Each species is native to one of six areas of Africa and the hamadryas baboon is also native to part of the Arabian Peninsula. Baboons are among the largest non-hominoid primates and have existed for at least two million years. Baboons vary in size and weight depending on the species. The smallest, the Kinda baboon, is 50 cm (20 in) in length and weighs only 14 kg (31 lb), while the largest, the chacma baboon, is up to 12…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Alu Insertion Polymorphisms as Evidence for Population Structure in Baboons.. Male dispersal from the natal group at or near maturity is a feature of most baboon (Papio) species. It potentially has profound effects upon population structure and evolutionary processes, but dispersal, especially for unusually long distances, is not readily documented by direct field observation. In this pilot study, we investigate the possibility of retrieving baboon population structure in yellow (Papio cynocephalus) and kinda (Papio kindae) baboons from the distribution of variation in a genome-wide set of 494 Alu insertion polymorphisms, made available via the recently completed Baboon Genome Analysis Cons…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

The Guinea baboon (Papio papio) is a baboon from the Old World monkey family. Some (older) classifications list only two species in the genus Papio, this one and the hamadryas baboon. In those classifications, all other Papio species are considered subspecies of P. papio and the species is called the savanna baboon. The Guinea baboon inhabits a small area in western Africa. Its range includes Guinea, Senegal, Gambia, southern Mauritania and western Mali. Its habitat includes dry forests, gallery forests, and adjoining bush savannas or steppes. It has reddish-brown hair, a hairless, dark-violet or black face with the typical dog-like muzzle, which is surrounded by a small mane, and a tail ca…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

Sexual selection in the Kinda baboon

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus), also known as the Cape baboon, is, like all other baboons, from the Old World monkey family. It is one of the largest of all monkeys. Located primarily in southern Africa, the chacma baboon has a wide variety of social behaviours, including a dominance hierarchy, collective foraging, adoption of young by females, and friendship pairings. These behaviors form parts of a complex evolutionary ecology. In general, the species is not threatened, but human population pressure has increased contact between humans and baboons. Hunting, trapping, and accidents kill or remove many baboons from the wild, thereby reducing baboon numbers and disrupting their social str…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 88

Cranial sexual dimorphism in the Kinda baboon (<i>Papio hamadryas kindae</i>). Abstract Objectives The smallest extant member of genus Papio , the Kinda baboon exhibits low sexual dimorphism and a distinctive cranial shape. Ontogenetic scaling accounts for most cranial‐shape differences within Papio , but studies have shown that the Kinda follows a separate ontogenetic trajectory. If so, its cranial‐dimorphism pattern should differ from other subspecies. To evaluate this hypothesis, morphometric analysis was used to investigate cranial dimorphism in Papio . Materials and methods Three‐dimensional landmarks were digitized on 434 adult crania representing six Papio subspecies. Size‐ and shape…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Male-Male Greeting Behavior Observed in Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique.. Objectives Male-male greetings have been described across many primate species, with varying forms and functions. Within Papio, their study has been of particular interest as baboons show variation in greeting, male-male cooperation, philopatry, and social systems. The function of greetings in Papio may differ by species, including facilitating cooperative behavior, negotiating rank, and maintaining social relationships. Chacma baboons, a species that generally exhibits limited to no coalition formation and low male-male tolerance, remain understudied regarding their mal…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Multimodal sexual signals are not precise indicators of fertility in female Kinda baboons.. Female fertility signals are found across taxa, and the precision of such signals may be influenced by the relative strength of different sexual selection mechanisms. Among primates, more precise signals may be found in species with stronger direct male-male competition and indirect female mate choice, and less precise signals in species with stronger indirect male-male competition (e.g. sperm competition) and direct female mate choice. We tested this hypothesis in a wild population of Kinda baboons in Zambia, combining data on female signals with reproductive hormones (estrogen and progesterone meta…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

A Friendlier "Kinda" Social System: Male Kinda Baboons Invest in Long-Term Social Bonds With Females.. Objectives Certain group-living mammals-including many primates-exhibit affiliative relationships between sexes that persist past copulation. Relationships between females and males in baboons (Papio sp.) are particularly well-characterized. These relationships tend to revolve around the female reproductive cycle and are generally female-initiated and female-maintained. Kinda baboons (P. kindae) appear to diverge phylogenetically and behaviorally from other baboons. Here, we assess how Kinda baboons differ socially by characterizing female-male relationships using 9 years of data on a popu…