klasyki: Utopian and dystopian fiction

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Utopian and dystopian fiction are subgenres of speculative fiction that explore extreme forms of social and political structures. A utopia is a setting that agrees with the author's ethos, having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers. A dystopia offers the opposite: the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author's ethos. Some novels depict both types of society to more directly contrast their properties. Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other types of speculative fiction. Utopian literature is of two basic types. Some describe imagined societies of the future to be desired or simply predicted. Others pro…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

Socialism: Utopian and Scientific is a short book first published in 1880 by German-born socialist Friedrich Engels. The work was primarily extracted from a longer polemic work published in 1878, Anti-Dühring. It first appeared in French. The title Socialism: Utopian and Scientific was adopted for the first English edition — the tenth language in which the book appeared. Intended as a popularization of Marxist ideas for a working class readership, the book was one of the fundamental publications of the international socialist movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, selling tens of thousands of copies.

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

A utopia is a community or society possessing highly desirable or perfect qualities. It is a common literary theme, especially in speculative fiction and science fiction. The word "utopia" was coined in Greek language by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, but the genre has roots dating back to antiquity. One reference has it that 1500 works of fiction that can be characterized as utopian were published between 1516 and 1975. In general, utopian societies are presented as being either in a different place (eutopia) or a different time in the future (euchronia). Most early utopian novels show a eutopia; many utopian works written after the seventeenth century show an euchronia, set in…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 72

The World a Department Store: A Story of Life Under a Coöperative System is a utopian novel written by Bradford C. Peck, and published by him in 1900. The book was one entrant in the wave of utopian and dystopian writing that occurred in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Moreover, Peck's book was one of the minority of utopian works of the time that was linked to an effort at practical application of its ideas.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Appeal to Reason was a weekly socialist political newspaper published in the American Midwest from 1895 until 1922. The paper was known for its politics, lending support over the years to the Farmers' Alliance and People's Party before becoming a mainstay of the Socialist Party of America, following the organization's establishment in 1901. Making use of a network of highly motivated volunteers known as the "Appeal Army" to spur subscription sales, paid circulation of the Appeal climbed to more than a quarter-million copies by 1906 and half a million by 1910, making it the largest-circulation socialist newspaper in American history.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Welsh-language literature (Welsh: Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg) has been produced continuously since the divergence of Welsh as a distinct language from Brittonic in around the 5th century AD up to the present day. The earliest Welsh literature is poetry, which in its very earliest examples shows many of the features of what became known as cynghanedd or the strict metres;A and for most of the history of Welsh literature poetry has been held in higher regard than prose. Poetry makes up the larger part of the surviving corpus of Welsh literature from the period prior to the 19th century; nevertheless prose has also been written in Welsh since at least the 11th century. Today, readers and students of…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Brave New World is a dystopian novel by English author Aldous Huxley, written in 1931, and published in 1932. Largely set in a futuristic World State, whose citizens are environmentally engineered into an intelligence-based social hierarchy, the novel anticipates huge scientific advancements in reproductive technology, sleep-learning, psychological manipulation, and classical conditioning that are combined to make a seemingly utopian society which is challenged by an outsider character, John the Savage. Huxley followed this book with a reassessment in essay form, Brave New World Revisited (1958), and with his final novel, Island (1962), the utopian counterpart. This novel is often used as a…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Syrian literature is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. Literary works by Syrian authors in the historical region of Syria since the Umayyad era are considered general Arabic literature. In its historical development since the beginnings of compilations of the Quran in the 7th century and later written records, the Arabic language has been considered a geographically comprehensive, standardized written language due to the religious or literary works written in classical Arabic. This sometimes differs considerably from…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Tendencies of eating disordered behaviours in male content creators: a social media analysis.. Eating disorders are primarily associated with women and an obsession with thinness. Recent research and social media content show that men are also concerned about their body image, striving for a muscular and athletic physique. To investigate eating disorder tendencies among male content creators with a mesomorphic body type (N = 26), a social media analysis was conducted on Instagram and TikTok over four weeks. Published content and profiles were screened using ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, which were then adapted to take account of gender differences. A total of 2,985 posts…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Mapping the postwar legacies of eugenics in socialist countries: a conceptual history of eugenics in Hungary.. The paper aims to understand the various legacies of eugenics in the postwar period to recognize both the continuities and discontinuities of eugenics with an approach which is both conceptually sound and historically correct. Building on earlier work of Lene Koch, the paper endeavours to chart the historical trajectory of eugenics by examining how its definition and those of its related or oppositional concepts have evolved within selected lexicon entries across various stages of the century. The inclusion and publication of a concept within a lexicon indicate its significance, li…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Friluftsliv: the almost nearly perfect concept.. Over the past 40 years, English-language scholarship has often portrayed Norwegian friluftsliv as an ideal way for people to build a simple, healthy, fulfilling, and low-impact relationship with nature. This idealized image was questioned by the first author during a conference presentation in 2024. In response, the second author addressed five critiques raised in that presentation, which led to an extended written debate between the authors in the following months. This study explores some of the supposed theoretical foundations of friluftsliv practices. Its goal is to offer the literature a richer and more nuanced understanding of what fril…