transport: Carlisle

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Carlisle ( kar-LYLE, locally KAR-lyle; from the Cumbric: Caer Luel) is a city located in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It is the largest settlement and only city in Cumbria. In 2021, it had a population of 77,730. Carlisle was founded as a Roman settlement called Luguvalium to serve forts along Hadrian's Wall, though it may have earlier origins. Nicknamed the 'Great Border City' due to its proximity to Scotland (being located eight miles or thirteen kilometres south of the current Anglo-Scottish border), the city and its castle became an important military stronghold in the Middle Ages. The castle served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots in 1568 and currently hosts the Duk…

Evidence: 86 • authority: 72

Cumbria ( KUM-bree-ə) is a ceremonial county in North West England. It borders the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders to the north; the English ceremonial counties of Northumberland and County Durham to the east, North Yorkshire to the south-east, and Lancashire to the south; and the Irish Sea to the west. Its largest settlement is the city of Carlisle. Cumbria is predominantly rural, with an area of 6,769 km2 (2,614 sq mi) and an estimated population of 510,680 in 2024. Carlisle is in the north of the county; the towns of Workington and Whitehaven lie on the west coast, Barrow-in-Furness on the south coast, and Penrith and Kendal in the east. For local gov…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

The history of Cumbria as a county of England begins with the Local Government Act 1972. Its territory and constituent parts however have a long history under various other administrative and historic units of governance. Cumbria is an upland, coastal and rural area, with a history of invasions, migration and settlement, as well as battles and skirmishes between the English and the Scots.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The English county of Cumbria is located in North West England and has a population of 496,200 (making it the 41st most populous county of England's 48 counties). Cumbria has an area of 6,768 km², making the county England's third largest county, and with only 73 inhabitants per km², it is the country's second least densely populated county. People from Cumbria are known as Cumbrians and they speak a variety of the Cumbrian dialect to the north, whilst a Lancashire accent is more prominent in the south (namely Furness, which was once part of Lancashire). Along with Lancashire to the south, Cumbria is bordered with Scotland to the north, the Irish Sea to the west, Northumberland to the north…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Carlisle Castle is a medieval stone fortress located in the city of Carlisle, Cumbria, near the site of Hadrian's Wall and the Roman fortress of Luguvalium. The castle was first built during the reign of William II in 1092 and rebuilt in stone under Henry I in 1122. It played an important role in the Wars of Scottish Independence in the later Middle Ages, being besieged several times. During the Jacobite Rising of 1745–1746, Carlisle became the last English fortress to undergo a siege. The castle was listed as a Scheduled Ancient Monument on 7 August 1996. Today the property is managed by English Heritage and is open to the public. Until 2006, the castle was the administrative headquarters…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Brampton is a market town and civil parish in the Cumberland unitary authority area of Cumbria, England. It is 9 miles (14 km) east of Carlisle and 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Hadrian's Wall. Historically part of Cumberland, it is situated off the A69 road which bypasses it. In 2021 the parish had a population of 4,545. The parish of Brampton also covers the nearby hamlets of Milton and Naworth. St Martin's Church is famous as the only church designed by the Pre-Raphaelite architect Philip Webb, and contains one of the most exquisite sets of stained glass windows designed by Sir Edward Burne-Jones, and executed in the William Morris studio.