rośliny-i-grzyby: Ceratosaurus

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Ceratosaurus (from Greek κέρας / κέρατος keras / keratos 'horn' and σαῦρος sauros 'lizard') is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Jurassic period (around 155 m.y.a) in North America and Europe. The genus was first described in 1884 by American paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh based on a nearly complete skeleton discovered in Garden Park, Colorado, in rocks belonging to the Morrison Formation. The type species is Ceratosaurus nasicornis. The Garden Park specimen remains the most complete skeleton known from the genus and only a handful of additional specimens have been described since. Two additional species, Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus and Ceratosaurus ma…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Coelurus is a genus of coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period (mid-late Kimmeridgian faunal stage, 155–152 million years ago). The name means "hollow tail", referring to its hollow tail vertebrae (Greek κοῖλος, koilos = hollow + οὐρά, oura = tail). Although its name is linked to one of the main divisions of theropods (Coelurosauria), it has historically been poorly understood, and sometimes confused with its better-known contemporary Ornitholestes. Like many dinosaurs studied in the early years of paleontology, it has had a confusing taxonomic history, with several species being named and later transferred to other genera or abandoned. Only one species is currently recognized…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The dinosaur genus Allosaurus has a complex taxonomic history, including multiple proposed species of which only a few are considered valid today. The genus was first described in 1877 by Othniel Charles Marsh from a very fragmentary specimen found in Colorado. For several decades, Allosaurus was known under the name Antrodemus, until a 1976 publication re-established the name Allosaurus. In 2023, another, much more complete specimen found in the same quarry was selected as the neotype (the specimen on which the taxon is based, replacing the inadequate original specimen). Four species are considered potentially valid. Besides the well-known type species A. fragilis, these are A. europaeus,…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 92

Torvosaurus gurneyi n. sp., the largest terrestrial predator from Europe, and a proposed terminology of the maxilla anatomy in nonavian theropods.. The Lourinhã Formation (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) of Central West Portugal is well known for its diversified dinosaur fauna similar to that of the Morrison Formation of North America; both areas share dinosaur taxa including the top predator Torvosaurus, reported in Portugal. The material assigned to the Portuguese T. tanneri, consisting of a right maxilla and an incomplete caudal centrum, was briefly described in the literature and a thorough description of these bones is here given for the first time. A comparison with material referred to Torvo…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 92

Cranial anatomy of <i>Allosaurus jimmadseni</i>, a new species from the lower part of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Western North America.. Allosaurus is one of the best known theropod dinosaurs from the Jurassic and a crucial taxon in phylogenetic analyses. On the basis of an in-depth, firsthand study of the bulk of Allosaurus specimens housed in North American institutions, we describe here a new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Western North America, Allosaurus jimmadseni sp. nov., based upon a remarkably complete articulated skeleton and skull and a second specimen with an articulated skull and associated skeleton. The present study also assig…

Evidence: 28 • authority: 72

Othniel Charles Marsh (October 29, 1831 – March 18, 1899) was an American professor of paleontology. A prolific fossil collector, Marsh was one of the preeminent paleontologists of the nineteenth century. Among his legacies are the discovery or description of dozens of new dinosaurs—including Stegosaurus and Triceratops—and theories on the origins of birds. He spent his academic career at Yale College and was president of the National Academy of Sciences. Born into a modest family, Marsh was able to afford higher education thanks to the generosity of his wealthy uncle George Peabody. After graduating from Yale College in 1860 he traveled the world, studying anatomy, mineralogy and geology.…