Ciekawostka: The volume of the earth's moon is the same as the volume of the Pacific Ocean

Evidence: 73 • authority: 72

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969. The Apollo program was conceived in 1960 in the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency during Project Mercury and executed after Project Gemini. The Apollo program was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal, "before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" in his address to the U.S. Congress on May 25, 1961. Kennedy's goal was accomplished on the Apollo 11 mission, when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Apollo Lunar Module (LM) on July 20, 1969, and…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 88

Estimation of Volume, Heat and Salt Transport Between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean Through the Near Strait. The work is devoted to the quantitative assessment of volume, heat and salt transport through the Near Strait based on GLORYS12V1 data for the period 1993–2021. The paper shows that the predominant direction of water exchange through the strait is inflow from the Pacific Ocean to the Bering Sea. The influence of atmospheric forcing has been established. There is a pronounced seasonal variability in all three parameters, volume, heat, and salt transport, with maximum values recorded in winter and minimum values in summer. The monthly averaged volume transport through the strait…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 92

Unique composition and evolutionary histories of large low velocity provinces.. The two "large low velocity provinces" (LLVPs) are broad, low seismic wave speed anomalies in Earth's lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean. Recent research suggests they contain relatively dense subducted oceanic crust (SOC), but the relative concentration of this recycled material within them is an open question. Using simulations of 3-D global mantle circulation over the past 1 Gyr, we find that two antipodal LLVPs develop naturally as a consequence of Earth's recent subduction history and the gravitational settling and stirring of SOC. Shear-wave velocity reductions in the two LLVPs are similar d…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 92

Water Versus Land on Temperate Rocky Planets.. Water and land surfaces on a planet interact in particular ways with gases in the atmosphere and with radiation from the star. These interactions define the environments that prevail on the planet, some of which may be more amenable to prebiotic chemistry, some to the evolution of more complex life. This review article covers (i) the physical conditions that determine the ratio of land to sea on a rocky planet, (ii) how this ratio would affect climatic and biologic processes, and (iii) whether future astronomical observations might constrain this ratio on exoplanets. Water can be delivered in multiple ways to a growing rocky planet - and althou…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 92

Oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O, Δ'¹⁷O) insights into continental mantle evolution since the Archean.. Oxygen isotopic ratios are largely homogenous in the bulk of Earth's mantle but are strongly fractionated near the Earth's surface, thus these are robust indicators of recycling of surface materials to the mantle. Here we document a subtle but significant ~0.2‰ temporal decrease in δ 18 O in the shallowest continental lithospheric mantle since the Archean, no change in Δ' 17 O is observed. Younger samples document a decrease and greater heterogeneity of δ 18 O due to the development and progression of plate tectonics and subduction. We posit that δ 18 O in the oldest Archean sam…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, which are also referred to as oceans (in descending order by area: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Antarctic/Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean), and are themselves mostly divided into seas, gulfs, and subsequent bodies of water. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water and is the primary component of Earth's hydrosphere, acting as a huge reservoir of heat for Earth's energy budget, as well as for its carbon cycle and water cycle, forming the basis for climate and weather patterns worldwide. The ocean is essential to life…

Evidence: — • authority: 35