International Journal of Oncology

Evidence: 91 • authority: 90

International Journal of Oncology. pioneered studies that elucidated the potent effects of stress on the organism at the behavioral, neuroendocrine, cellular and molecular levels, and performed groundbreaking research on human development, particularly in early life and the years of puberty and adolescence.Dr Chrousos has performed a body of influential original experimental, translational and clinical studies on the universally pathogenic impact of a chronically activated stress system on human health.He identified and functionally characterized the molecular mechanisms underlying the pervasive stress hormone-mediated effects of chronically disrupted homeostasis on human mental and somatic…

Evidence: 68 • authority: 90

Spirometry: A practical lifespan predictor of global health and chronic respiratory and non-respiratory diseases. OBJECTIVES: 1. To review and discuss available evidence supporting that spirometry is an overlooked global health marker, that could be used regularly through the lifespan to monitor human health and predict risk of chronic respiratory and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). 2. To discuss the challenges and opportunities that this proposal faces.Summary of key data. First, spirometry is essential to assess and monitor respiratory health. Second, spirometry adds prognostic value to other well-accepted health markers used in clinical practice, such as blood pressure, b…

Evidence: 65 • authority: 72

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms. A disease may be caused by external factors such as pathogens or by internal dysfunctions. For example, internal dysfunctions of the immune system can produce a variety of different diseases, including various forms of immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity, allergies, and autoimmune disorders. In humans, disease is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes or can cause pain, dysfunction, distress, so…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

From Neuroadaptation to Neuroprogression: Rethinking Chronic Cocaine Exposure Through a Model of Cocaine-Related Cerebropathy.. Background: Chronic cocaine exposure is increasingly associated with persistent brain alterations, yet it remains unclear whether these changes reflect reversible neuroadaptation, accelerated brain ageing, or a degeneration-like trajectory in a vulnerable subgroup. This Perspective proposes a neuroprogressive vulnerability framework-referred to as cocaine-specific encephalopathy/cerebropathy only in a heuristic sense-to organise heterogeneous evidence without implying a distinct neurodegenerative disease entity. Methods: We conducted a structured, critical synthesi…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 90

Multimorbidity in rheumatology. From comprehensive assessment of disease to evaluation of a set of diseases. The World Health Organization assigns cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, as well as diabetes mellitus and some other nosological entities, including mental and musculoskeletal disorders, to main non-communicable diseases. These are considered to be a major public health challenge of the 21st century. In this case, one patient frequently has a set of several age-related chronic diseases that develop simultaneously or sequentially. The management of these patients requires an integrated approach based on the multimorbid nature of pathology. Unlike the defin…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 92

Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multistage Mixed-Methods Study.. Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit restrictive eating behaviors that may meet the criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). This disorder is characterized not only by behavioral disturbances but also by somatic impairments and functional complications. Timely identification of ARFID allows for therapeutic and nutritional interventions aimed at restoring fully balanced nutrition in order to achieve the highest possible level of development and health for every child…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophically-transmitted pa…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder characterized externally by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses called blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds. Almost 80 million people worldwide stutter, about 1% of the world's population, with a prevalence among males at least twice that of females. Persistent stuttering into adulthood often leads to outcomes detrimental to overall mental health, such as social isolation and suicidal thoughts. Stuttering is not connected to the physical ability to produce phonemes (i.e. it is unrelated to the structure or function of th…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Sleep-Wake Dysregulation in Human African Trypanosomiasis: From Neuroinvasion to Neuronal Dysfunction.. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is a neglected tropical disease with a progressive central nervous system (CNS) involvement and marked sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Even though this is a prominent feature of HAT, the connection between parasite neuroinvasion, neuroinflammation, circadian dysfunction, and neurological impairment is not fully understood. This narrative review aims to summarize the most up-to-date knowledge about sleep and circadian disturbance in HAT and proposes an integrated approach for the Trypanosome-Associated Sleep Disorder (TASD)…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 90

Evaluation of intervention systematic reviews on chronic non-communicable diseases and lifestyle risk factors in low-middle income countries: meta-research. BACKGROUND: Systematic Reviews (SRs) rigorously synthesize findings on a theme, but some articles with this design are redundant due to errors and conflicts. Meta-research aims to rigorously analyze research, assessing SRs' methodological quality and result reliability. This study evaluates SRs' overall quality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on chronic non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) and key modifiable risk factors, using assessment tools. METHODS: A search strategy was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (via Pu…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 90

Effectiveness of Nurse-led Dispensary Consultations for Patients with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Primary Healthcare in Kazakhstan. Objective: To evaluate the current state of dispensary observation for patients with chronic non-communicable diseases, including the contribution of nurse-led independent consultations, using the example of a primary health care organization in Kokshetau, Kazakhstan. Methods. A combined study design was employed, comprising a retrospective analysis of medical records and a cross-sectional sociological survey. The retrospective component analyzed dispensary observation data from Viamedis Ltd., a primary health care organization in Kokshetau (Akmola reg…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Toxoplasma gondii () is a species of parasitic alveolate that causes toxoplasmosis. Found worldwide, T. gondii is capable of infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals, but members of the cat family (Felidae) are the only known definitive hosts in which the parasite may undergo sexual reproduction. In rodents, T. gondii alters behavior in ways that increase the rodents' chances of being preyed upon by felids. Support for this "manipulation hypothesis" stems from studies showing that T. gondii-infected rats have a decreased aversion to cat urine while infection in mice lowers general anxiety, increases explorative behaviors and increases a loss of aversion to predators in general. Because…