psy: Dextroamphetamine

Evidence: 44 • authority: 92

Prescription Stimulant Dispensing to US Children: 2017-2023.. Objective To evaluate changes in prescription stimulant dispensing to children aged 5 to 17 years associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the shortage of immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall), which was announced in October 2022. Methods We analyzed the 2017 to 2023 IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, which captures 92% of US prescriptions. Using an interrupted time series design, we evaluated level and slope changes in the monthly stimulant-dispensing rate (number of children with stimulant dispensing per 100 000 children) in March 2020 and October 2022. Results In March 2020, the monthly stimulant-dispens…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Adderall is the brand name of a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used as an athletic performance enhancer, cognitive enhancer, appetite suppressant, and recreationally as a euphoriant. Such uses are illegal in many countries. It is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine class. It contains the amphetamines dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate. It is taken by mouth. At therapeutic doses, Adderall causes emotional and cognitive effects such as euphoria, change in sex drive, increased wakefulness, and imp…

Evidence: 30 • authority: 80

Amphetamine mixed salts, extended release amphetamine mixed salts (generic) ∼ Adderall, Adderall XR (brand)

Evidence: 30 • authority: 72

Mephedrone, also known as 4-methylmethcathinone, 4-MMC, or 4-methylephedrone, is a synthetic stimulant drug belonging to the amphetamine and cathinone classes. It is commonly referred to by slang names such as drone, M-CAT, white magic, meow meow, and bubble. Chemically, it is similar to the cathinone compounds found in the khat plant, native to eastern Africa. Mephedrone is typically found in tablet or crystal form, and users may swallow, snort, or inject it. Its effects are similar to those of MDMA, amphetamines, and cocaine, producing euphoria and increased sociability. Mephedrone is rapidly absorbed, with a half-life of about two hours, and is primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 enzymes. It…

Evidence: 30 • authority: 72

Methamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is primarily used as a recreational or performance-enhancing drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has also been researched as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury. Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers: levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine. Methamphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical substance, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine in their pure amine forms, but the hydrochloride salt, commonly called crystal meth, is widely used. Metha…

Evidence: 28 • authority: 92

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication shortage in the United States: a qualitative assessment of Reddit posts.. Introduction Approximately 6% of the US population had been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 2023, and approximately 33% of the patients received stimulants to manage it. Recent ADHD medication shortages in the United States have caused substantial disruptions in access to these medications. The objective of our study was to investigate how individuals respond psychologically and behaviorally to ADHD medication shortage in the United States using public discussions on Reddit. Methods We extracted Reddit threads from "r/ADHD" that cons…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 88

Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended Release for the Treatment of ADHD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is widely recognized as one of the most common psychiatric disorders initially diagnosed and treated in childhood; however, it is less widely recognized as a disorder that often persists into adolescence and adulthood. In recent years, there has been increased awareness that adult ADHD is marked by significant impulsivity and impairments of attention and executive function, symptoms that can be linked to, personal, social, and professional dysfunction. Clinicians are increasingly recognizing adult ADHD as a disorder linked to considerable dysfunction and distress, warranting a…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 80

Bupropion/lidocaine/prilocaine/mixed amphetamine salts

Evidence: 22 • authority: 80

Bioavailability of triple-bead mixed amphetamine salts compared with a dose-augmentation strategy of mixed amphetamine salts extended release plus mixed amphetamine salts immediate release

Evidence: 22 • authority: 72

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy in tablet form, and molly in crystal form, is an entactogen with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties. MDMA was first synthesized in 1912 by Merck chemist Anton Köllisch. It was used to enhance psychotherapy beginning in the 1970s and became popular as a street drug in the 1980s. MDMA is commonly used by attendees of dance parties, raves, and electronic dance music festivals. Tablets sold as ecstasy may be mixed with other substances such as ephedrine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. The lethal risk from one dose of MDMA is estimated to be from 1 death in 20,000 instances to 1 death in 50,000 instances. The purporte…

Evidence: — • authority: 65