jedzenie-obrzędowe: Soul food

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Soul food is the cuisine of Black Americans. Originating in the American South from the cuisines of enslaved Africans transported from Africa through the Atlantic slave trade, soul food is closely associated with the cuisine of the Southern United States. The expression "soul food" originated in the mid-1960s when "soul" was a common word used to describe Black American culture. Soul food uses cooking techniques and ingredients from West African, Central African, Western European, and Indigenous cuisine of the Americas. According to soul food historian Adrian Miller, soul food exhibits some influences from West African cuisine such as the use of greens mixed together with meat and the fryin…

Evidence: 83 • authority: 72

The cuisine of the Southern United States encompasses diverse food traditions of several subregions, including the cuisines of Southeastern Native American tribes, Tidewater, Appalachian, Ozarks, Lowcountry, Cajun, Creole, African American cuisine and Floribbean, Spanish, French, British, Ulster-Scots, German, Italian and Middle Eastern cuisine. Elements of Southern cuisine have spread to other parts of the United States, influencing other types of American cuisine. Many elements of Southern cooking—tomatoes, squash, corn (and its derivatives, such as hominy and grits), and deep-pit barbecuing—are borrowings from Indigenous peoples of the region (e.g., Cherokee, Caddo, Choctaw, and Seminole…

Evidence: 80 • authority: 72

This is a list of soul foods and dishes. Soul food is the ethnic cuisine of African Americans that originated in the Southern United States during the era of slavery. It uses a variety of ingredients and cooking styles, some of which came from West African and Central African cuisine brought over by enslaved Africans while others originated in Europe. Some are indigenous to the Americas as well, borrowed from Native American cuisine. The foods from West-Central Africa brought to North America during the slave trade were guinea pepper, gherkin, sesame seeds, kola nuts, eggplant, watermelon, rice, cantaloupe, millet, okra, black-eyed peas, yams, and legumes such as kidney beans. These crops b…

Evidence: 77 • authority: 72

Evidence: 57 • authority: 88

Georgia Genesis. Chapter one surveys the material conditions of enslavement that are critical to apprehending the religious consciousness and cultures of enslaved, African-descended women in the Lower South. Through an examination of the ontological meanings of enslavement, the resignification of the womb, work cultures, and structures of violence the chapter explores the material and psychic conditions that shaped enslaved women’s and other enslaved people’s experiences of dismemberment from West Africa to North America. Moreover, by highlighting the gendered nature of West African slavery prior to the transatlantic slave trade, the chapter argues that gender and race are equally salient v…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 92

African and Native American foodways and resilience: From 1619 to COVID-19.. The COVID-19 pandemic is flooding and splitting "efficiency" fault lines in today's industrialized food system. It also exploits centuries of historical traumas, White supremacy, and systemic racism to kill non-White people at triple the rates of Whites. In 1619, an English ship landed on the shores of the Powhatan confederacy, or, as the English called it, Point Comfort, Virginia. The ship delivered stolen people onto stolen land. This was a first step in founding today's U.S. food system. Until that time, the people of North America and West Africa had lived off the land for millennia, foraging, hunting, and cult…

Evidence: 46 • authority: 88

Jefferson's Muslim Fugitives. On October 3, 1807, Thomas Jefferson was contacted by an unknown traveler from the American frontier, who urgently requested a private “interview” with the President, promising to disclose “a matter of momentous importance”. By the next day, Jefferson held in his hands two astonishing manuscripts whose history has been lost for over two centuries. Authored by Muslims fleeing captivity in rural Kentucky, these documents delivered to the President in 1807 were penned by literate African slaves, and written entirely in Arabic. Jefferson’s Muslim Fugitives reveals the untold story of two escaped West Africans in the American heartland whose Arabic writings reached…

Evidence: 46 • authority: 72

Shrimp and grits is a dish that combines sautéed shrimp with grits—a porridge of boiled cornmeal. Shrimp and grits are associated with Lowcountry cuisine, eaten in coastal Georgia and South Carolina—John Martin Taylor says "I know of no dish more typically Lowcountry". Historically in the region, shrimp and grits were often eaten as breakfast during shrimp season, which peaks around November. The shrimp used were invariably small and sourced from creeks. In the southern US, shrimp and grits is today eaten as a comfort food. It resembles shrimp étouffée, a Cajun shrimp stew that is served over rice.

Evidence: 35 • authority: 88

John Rolfe’s Letter to Sir Edwin Sandys about Enslaved Africans. When John Rolfe related in a letter to Sir Edwin Sandys that “20 and odd Negroes” had been off-loaded by a Dutch ship at Point Comfort in 1619, he had no notion of the lasting importance of his account. The seemingly casual comment recorded the first documented case of Africans sold into servitude to British North America. Purchased as indentures in the labor-starved Virginia colony, these twenty-some souls disappeared into the anonymous pool of workers transported to the colony during its first decades. The origins of the Africans and their ultimate fates have long been debated by historians and others studying the account. R…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 88

Sex, Body, and Soul. Chapter three explores the effects of sexual dismemberment upon the religious consciousness of enslaved women as expressed in their ethics and social values. Through an examination of bondwomen’s sexual hypervisibility, coercive sexual encounters, and conjugal structures, the propose the existence of gender-specific ethical and “common sense” knowledge cultures that originate from women’s unique social and physiological positions in enslaved society. In response to the culture of sexual dismemberment, women adopted ways of re/membering and narrating trauma, defining sexual relationships, and understanding sexual pleasure that privileged the principles of privacy and con…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

Of American Fragility: Public Rituals, Human Rights, and the End of Invisible Man. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the fragility of American democracy in at least two important ways. First, the coronavirus has ravaged Black communities across the United States, unmasking decades of inequitable laws and public policies that have rendered Black lives socially and economically isolated from adequate health care services, educational resources, housing stability, environmental security, stable and living wage jobs, generational wealth, and other institutional structures necessary for resilience. Second, government-mandated social distancing in response to the coronavirus has failed to dampen…