rośliny-i-grzyby: Coevolution

Evidence: 61 • authority: 91

Diffuse coevolution is also known as multi-species or guild coevolution. It occurs when several species collectively influence one another. An example is pollination systems in which plants interact with multiple pollinators, such as bees, flies and butterflies. Many different environmental pressures affect evolution by natural selection. For example, some species evolve traits that help them to survive in extreme environments . In coevolution, the environmental pressures come from interactions with another species. In his most famous work On the Origin of Species he discussed evolutionary relationships between flowering plants and insects. He used the term ‘coadaptation’ to describe how they could shape each other’s traits.

Evidence: 60 • authority: 72

In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection. The term sometimes is used for two traits in the same species affecting each other's evolution, as well as gene-culture coevolution. Charles Darwin mentioned evolutionary interactions between flowering plants and insects in On the Origin of Species (1859). He used the similar word coadaptation and suggested how plants and insects could evolve through reciprocal evolutionary changes. Naturalists in the late 1800s studied other examples of how interactions among species could result in reciprocal evolutionary change. Beginning in the 1940s, plant patholo…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 92

Evolution of the α-Glucosidase Gene Family in Apoidea.. With more than 20,000 recognized species, the Apoidea is one of the most significant groups of pollinating insects, and their living environment is complex and diverse. The composition of nectar-producing plants for Apoidea varies across different geographical regions, prompting this group to evolve a variety of adaptive traits at the morphological and physiological levels to enhance their survival. The adaptive evolution of digestive enzymes is crucial for efficient nutrient absorption in Apoidea; however, the molecular basis underlying the diversification of bee digestive enzymes remains unclear. This study analyzed 63 α-glucosidase…

Evidence: 53 • authority: 62

Ecosystems are characterized by a network of interrelationships among species and species group which leads to community homeostasis. Occasional mutations or recombination in one component of the coevolving species pair may lead to a new set of defense characteristics making it possible for that component to enter a new adaptation zone from which evolutionary radiation might follow. The other component of the pair through genetic feedback might evolve to develop morphological, behavioural or biochemical features to overcome the new characteristics of the other component. Selection would carry this population to new adaptive zone allowing it to diversify further. Coevolution thus is a manifestation of selective evolutionary interactions between species or species group with a close ecological relationship. Coevolutionary instances are illustrated in plant-herbivore, host-parasite, plant-pollinator and several similar relationships. In coevolution, the biotic environment plays an active role within a relatively passive physical environment. however, change in the physical environment might favour or disfavor one component of the coevolved pair more than the other component. This differential response might lead to disruption of the relationship and may even result in loss of species. Coevolution and Species Interactions | Exa Exa is a modern AI search engine with SERP API, website crawler tools, and deep research API. Power your app with web search AI and web crawling API. Exa Site Index

Evidence: 53 • authority: 92

Apparent decoupling of eco-evolutionary dynamics in a dual-trait predator-prey interaction.. Predator-prey coevolution is often characterized by ongoing arms races-so-called Red Queen dynamics-where reciprocal selection drives persistent trait oscillations. These evolutionary cycles can destabilize population dynamics and hinder coexistence. While classic models typically focus on evolution along a single ecological axis, real-world interactions often involve multiple, functionally distinct trait dimensions. Here, I extend a classic framework by allowing both predator and prey to evolve along two distinct trait dimensions-such as spatial and temporal niches. I find that, in contrast to one-…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

Host–parasite coevolution is a special case of coevolution, where a host and a parasite continually adapt to each other. This can create an evolutionary arms race between them. A more benign possibility is of an evolutionary trade-off between transmission and virulence in the parasite, as if it kills its host too quickly, the parasite will not be able to reproduce either. Another theory, the Red Queen hypothesis, proposes that since both host and parasite have to keep on evolving to keep up with each other, and since sexual reproduction continually creates new combinations of genes, parasitism favours sexual reproduction in the host. The genetic changes involved are changes in frequencies o…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Quantitative genetics is the study of quantitative traits, which are phenotypes that vary continuously—such as height or mass—as opposed to phenotypes and gene-products that are discretely identifiable—such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical. While population genetics can focus on particular genes and their subsequent metabolic products, quantitative genetics focuses more on the outward phenotypes, and makes only summaries of the underlying genetics. Both of these branches of genetics use the frequencies of different alleles of a gene in breeding populations (gamodemes), and combine them with concepts from simple Mendelian inheritance to analyze inheritance patterns…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection acts at the level of the group, instead of at the level of the individual or gene. Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behaviour of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups, speaking for instance of actions for the good of the species. In the 1930s, Ronald Fisher and J. B. S. Haldane proposed the concept of kin selection, a form of biological altruism from the gene-centered view of evolution, arguing that animals should sacrifice for their relatives, and thereby implying that they should not sacrifice for non-relatives. From the mid-1960s, evolutionar…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning 'thinking man' or 'wise man') are the most abundant and widespread species of primates, characterized by bipedalism, minimal body hair, and large, complex brains enabling the development of advanced technology, culture, and language. Humans are highly social beings and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which bolster human society. Curiosity and the human desire to understand and influence the environment have motivated humanity's development of…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Eukaryotic Mitogenomes and Their Key Insights: Architecture, Evolution and Mitonuclear Coevolution. Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are no longer considered as entities simply engaged in cellular bioenergetics, but rather as dynamic, multifaceted synchronized systems assimilating genome architecture, evolutionary processes and organismal physiology. In the present review, the contemporary understanding of mitogenome organization, its diversity, evolution and associated functions across the eukaryotic life have been summarized in connection with mitonuclear co-evolution and briefly to some connection with human health. The manuscript comprehensively discusses the conserved and lineage-sp…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Biomimicry of symbiotic multi-species coevolution for discrete and continuous optimization in RFID networks.. In recent years, symbiosis as a rich source of potential engineering applications and computational model has attracted more and more attentions in the adaptive complex systems and evolution computing domains. Inspired by different symbiotic coevolution forms in nature, this paper proposed a series of multi-swarm particle swarm optimizers called PS 2 Os, which extend the single population particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to interacting multi-swarms model by constructing hierarchical interaction topologies and enhanced dynamical update equations. According to different sym…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 92

Mitonuclear Discordance of Beetles Shaped by Incomplete Lineage Sorting and Introgression Under Loose Interaction Mechanism.. Metazoan oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes are composed of subunits encoded by mitochondrial and nuclear genes, requiring continuous mitonuclear coevolution to ensure functional compatibility. However, mitochondrial and nuclear genomes exhibit separate inheritance patterns, leading to their distinct or even conflicting evolutionary histories. This study aimed to analyse phylogenetic signals among mitochondrial genes, nuclear-encoded OXPHOS genes, and general nuclear genes across 53 beetle species. Two major cases of mitonuclear discordance were detected. T…