komunikacja: History of autism

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The history of autism encompasses various conceptual and treatment approaches, with the understanding of autism having been shaped by cultural, scientific, and societal factors. Pathologized or viewed as beneficial as part of neurodiversity, autism has been subject to various treatments (e.g. electroconvulsive therapy) Progress in scientific understanding of autism has contributed to both treatment and perceptions of autism. The term autism was first introduced by Eugen Bleuler in his description of schizophrenia in 1911. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was broader than its modern equivalent; autistic children were often diagnosed with childhood schizophrenia. The earliest research that focu…

Evidence: 73 • authority: 72

The word schizophrenia was coined by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1908, and was intended to describe the separation of function between personality, thinking, memory, and perception. Bleuler introduced the term on 24 April 1908 in a lecture given at a psychiatric conference in Berlin and in a publication that same year. Bleuler later expanded his new disease concept into a monograph in 1911, which was finally translated into English in 1950. According to some scholars, the disease has always existed only to be 'discovered' during the early 20th century. The plausibility of this claim depends upon the success of retrospectively diagnosing earlier cases of madness as 'schizophrenia…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

Eugen Bleuler: Centennial Anniversary of His 1911 Publication of Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Paul Eugen Bleuler ( BLOY-lər; Swiss Standard German: [ˈɔʏɡeːn ˈblɔʏlər, ˈɔʏɡn̩]; 30 April 1857 – 15 July 1939) was a Swiss psychiatrist and eugenicist most notable for his influence on modern concepts of mental illness. He coined several psychiatric terms including schizophrenia, schizoid, autism, depth psychology and what Sigmund Freud called "Bleuler's happily chosen term 'ambivalence'". Bleuler remains a controversial figure in psychiatric history for his racist and ableist beliefs, as well as his implementation of eugenic practises in psychiatry based on these beliefs, most notably at the Burghölzli clinic in Zurich.

Evidence: 27 • authority: 88

Eugen Bleuler. Eugen Bleuler, professor of psychiatry in Zurich, renamed Kraepelin’s dementia praecox as “schizophrenia” in 1908. He retained catatonia as a subtype. Bleuler’s dementia praecox was a much milder and broader condition than the downhill course toward dementia that Kraepelin had described: it could strike at any moment in life, not just in youth, and often ended in partial recovery. Ultimately, Kraepelin’s and Bleuler’s efforts gave rise to an immense “schizophrenia” literature, an industry that continues today, an outpouring that can be compared only to the enormous “hysteria” industry that existed before DSM-III abolished the diagnosis in 1980. The effect is striking: one mom…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 80

Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) Named and Dedicated Himself to Schizophrenia

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Revisiting Bleuler: relationship between autism and schizophrenia

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Paul Eugen Bleuler and the origin of the term schizophrenia (SCHIZOPRENIEGRUPPE)

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Classic autism—also known as childhood autism, autistic disorder, or Kanner's syndrome—is a formerly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. It is characterized by atypical and impaired development in social interaction and communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors, activities, and interests. These symptoms first appear in early childhood and persist throughout life. Classic autism was last recognized as a diagnosis in the DSM-IV and ICD-10, and has been superseded by autism-spectrum disorder in the DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 (2022). Globally, classic autism was estimated to affect 24.8 million people as of 2015. Autism is likely caused b…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Dementia praecox (meaning a "premature dementia" or "precocious madness") is a disused psychiatric diagnosis that originally designated a chronic, deteriorating psychotic disorder characterized by rapid cognitive disintegration, usually beginning in the late teens or early adulthood. Over the years, the term dementia praecox was gradually replaced by the term schizophrenia, which initially had a meaning that included what is today considered the autism spectrum. The term dementia praecox was first used by German psychiatrist Heinrich Schüle in 1880. It was also used in 1891 by Arnold Pick (1851–1924), a professor of psychiatry at Charles University in Prague. In a brief clinical report, he…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Circulation of ideas about schizophrenia within the psychiatric context of Rio de Janeiro in the 1910s and 1920s.. The article examines the circulation of the schizophrenia category in debates and psychiatric spaces in Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of the twentieth century. It analyzes this category in the scientific exchange between Eugen Bleuler and Ernst Kretschmer - observing correspondences between psychodynamic and constitutionalist theories in the European context - and then pursues its use in the Observation Pavilion of the Hospício Nacional de Alienados, in articles and scientific meetings. We investigated how its circulation was simultaneous in scientific and assistance spaces.…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Concept of Autism in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Historical Divergence and Phenomenological Rapprochement.. This study aims to trace the historical origins and conceptual divergence of "autism" as employed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), and to examine their recent rapprochement through the lens of phenomenological psychopathology. A narrative review was conducted to analyze primary historical sources, including works by Bleuler, Kanner, and their predecessors, along with contemporary literature on neurodevelopmental perspectives, social cognition, and phenomenological psychopathology. The analysis focused on…