starożytność: Roman Empire

Evidence: 86 • authority: 72

The reign of Augustus as Rome's first emperor began in 27 BC with his first settlement with the Roman Senate, which granted him extraordinary proconsular powers, control over half of Rome's provinces and most of its armies, and the title of augustus ('the revered'). Prior to this event he is labeled by historians as Octavian (Latin: Octavianus), having been born Gaius Octavius, before adopting the name of his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar, who named him as his primary heir in his will. In 30 BC Octavian defeated fellow Roman triumvir Mark Antony and his wife Cleopatra, Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, conquering Egypt and bringing it under his personal possession. Styling himself as prince…

Evidence: 78 • authority: 72

Augustus (plural Augusti; aw-GUST-əs, Classical Latin: [au̯ˈɡʊstʊs]; "majestic", "great", or "venerable") was the main title of the Roman emperors during antiquity. It was given as both a name and a title to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (often referred to simply as Augustus) in 27 BC, marking his accession as Rome's first emperor. On his death, it became an official title of his successor, and was so used by all emperors thereafter. The feminine form Augusta was used for Roman empresses and other female members of the imperial family. The masculine and feminine forms originated in the time of the Roman Republic, in connection with things considered divine or sacred in traditional Roman re…

Evidence: 78 • authority: 72

The rise of Augustus, the first Roman emperor, covers his life from his gathering of legions loyal to Roman dictator Julius Caesar in Roman Italy in 44 BC, following Caesar's assassination on the Ides of March (15 March), until the Roman Senate's bestowal upon him of the title augustus in 27 BC. The latter date marks the traditional end of the Roman Republic and beginning of the Roman Empire. Augustus was born Gaius Octavius in 63 BC and is known during this phase of his life as Octavian (Latin: Octavianus). The period between 44 and 27 BC witnessed the formation of the Second Triumvirate by Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and the eventual fissure of this triple dictator…

Evidence: 71 • authority: 72

Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Latin: Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire and the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult and an era of imperial peace (the Pax Romana or Pax Augusta) when the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict. The principate, a style of government in which the emperor showed nominal deference to the Senate, was established during his reign and lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century. Octavian was born into an equestrian branch of the gens Octavia. Octavian's great-uncle, the dictator Julius Caesar, named him as his p…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (; c. 63 BC – 12 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who was a close friend, son-in-law and lieutenant to the Roman emperor Augustus. Agrippa is well known for his important military victories, notably the Battle of Actium in 31 BC against the forces of Marcus Antonius and Cleopatra. He was also responsible for the construction of some of the most notable buildings of his era, including the original Pantheon. Born to a plebeian family c. 63 BC, in an uncertain location in Roman Italy, he met the future emperor Augustus, then known as Octavian, at Apollonia, in Illyria. Following the assassination of Octavian's great-uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BC, Octavian returned…

Evidence: — • authority: 65