codzienność: Causality

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or subject (i.e., a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (i.e., an effect) where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on the cause. The cause of something may also be described as the reason behind the event or process. In general, a process can have multiple causes, which are also said to be causal factors for it, and all lie in its past. An effect can in turn be a cause of, or causal factor for, many other effects, which all lie in its future. Thus, the distinction between cause and effect either follows from or else prov…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 92

Type C esophageal atresia masked by multiple overlapping causes of polyhydramnios in a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy: A case report.. Polyhydramnios is a condition defined as an increase of amniotic fluid volume. Common causes include maternal diabetes, multiple pregnancies, and congenital anomalies. Congenital type C esophageal atresia is one of the causes and often presents with a visible stomach, making prenatal diagnosis difficult. A 37-year-old woman with monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy was hospitalized for threatened preterm labor at 26 weeks of gestation. She was also diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and her glucose levels were consistently high during p…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 88

Discovery of Breast Cancer and Autism Causes Method of Combining Multiple Researches to Determine Non-Infectious Disease Causes. In this work an author analyses causes of Breast Cancer and Autism using a novel method presented in article “Method of Combining Multiple Researches to Determine Non-Infectious Disease Causes, Analysis of Depression and Celiac Disease Causes” [2]. The method is using a special algorithm based in math which allows to find disease causes for a specific non-infectious disease using results of multiple researches regarding risk factors of the disease. This method allows to combine dozens of such researches together with dozens of researches on biochemistry and physio…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Integration of maintenance policy and statistical process monitoring for a cascade process with multiple assignable causes and random failures

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Mortality study of a PFOA-exposed cohort in the mid-Ohio Valley.. Background The C8 Science Panel previously conducted studies of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure in Ohio Valley residents, finding probable links with kidney and testicular cancers, raised cholesterol, ulcerative colitis, thyroid disease, and pre-eclampsia. Findings were largely based on a cohort of 32,254 persons with high PFOA exposure followed through 2011 for disease incidence. We have now followed this cohort through 2021 for mortality. Methods Deaths were ascertained via the National Death Index (NDI). We extended cumulative PFOA serum estimates from 2011 until 2021. We used internal comparisons via Cox regression…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Multiple-cause mortality in the USA, 2000-2021: Insights from pattern-of-failure life tables.. Background Recent mortality patterns reflect increasingly complex pathophysiological processes in which underlying causes (UCD) capture only part of the disease burden. The multi-cause approach offers an alternative because it allows analysis of diseases appearing in the lethal process both as consequences of the UCD and as contributory causes. Methods In this paper, we use pattern-of-failure life tables to explicitly account for disease interdependence among all causes reported on the death certificate and remeasure the levels and trends in the disease burden in the U.S. during 2000-2021. Results…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, renal insufficiency, and infections may occur. Complications may include hypercalcemia and amyloidosis. The cause of multiple myeloma is unknown. Risk factors include obesity, radiation exposure, family history, age and certain chemicals. There is an increased risk of multiple myeloma in certain occupations, due to occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents. Multiple myeloma is the result of a multi-step malignant transformation, and al…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and neurodegenerative autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks myelin, the insulating cover of nerve cells, causing damage to the central nervous system. This impairs the nervous system's ability to transmit signals. Symptoms include double vision, vision loss, eye pain, muscle weakness, loss of coordination, as well as cognitive issues like problems with memory. MS may be a rare complication of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Genetics and environmental factors like exposure to sunlight also impact the risk of MS. MS can be diagnosed based on symptoms, MRI scans, and sometimes a lumbar puncture to investigate spinal fluid. There is no…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Causality and causal inference in epidemiology: we need also to address causes of effects

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Some Ideas on How Decision-Making Process on Multiple Causal Interrelations can be understood in General Medicine: "The Auction of Fish"