konserwowanie: Sponge

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Sponges or sea sponges are primarily marine invertebrates of the animal phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'). They are filter feeders that are typically bound to the seabed, being sessile. Sponges are one of the most ancient members of living seabed community (macrobenthos), with many species being important reef-builders. Some sponge species inhabit freshwater. Sponges are multicellular organisms consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells, and usually have tube-like bodies full of pores and channels that allow water to circulate through them. They have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell…

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The list of sponges of South Africa is a list of species that form a part of the poriferan (Phylum Porifera) fauna of South Africa. Taxonomy follows WoRMS. The list follows the SANBI listing on iNaturalist, and does not always agree with WoRMS for distribution. Sponges or sea sponges are primarily marine invertebrates of the animal phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'). They are filter feeders that are typically bound to the seabed, being sessile. Sponges are one of the most ancient members of living seabed community (macrobenthos), with many species being important reef-builders. Some sponge species inhabit freshwater. Sponges are multicellular organisms consisting of jelly-like mesohy…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 80

The Interplay Between Innate-Like B Cells and Other Cell Types in Autoimmunity

Evidence: 52 • authority: 80

A novel cell-to-cell interaction between mast cells and other cell types

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Can stem cells from one tissue be grown into many other types of cells?

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. V. Cancer stem cells as the unifying biomechanical principle between embryology and oncology.. The role of embryology in metazoan evolution is rooted deeply in the history of science. Viewing Neoplasia as an evolutionary engine provides a scientific basis for reexamining the disease cancer. Once the embryo is understood as a benign tumor with a pivotal role in the evolution of all animal forms, there will be an immediate paradigm shift in the search for cancer cure, potentially revealing insights that may be buried within the great developmental transitions of metazoans. This article discusses one of the unifying principles betwee…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Rethinking Plasticity in Sponges.. What lies behind the extraordinary phenotypic plasticity of sponges? We used this question to conduct a systematic review of how "phenotypic plasticity" is approached in the literature regarding the phylum Porifera. First, we gathered information on what the literature says about plasticity in sponges. Next, we analyzed its usage contexts, distinguishing between plasticity as a general feature versus a specific process linked to environmental triggers or genetic variation. Thus, we critique the overuse of synonymous terms that fail to capture the concept's complexity and advocate for greater precision to advance research. Finally, we advocate for precise a…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Annelids as models of germ cell and gonad regeneration.. Germ cells (reproductive cells and their progenitors) give rise to the next generation in sexually reproducing organisms. The loss or removal of germ cells often leads to sterility in established research organisms such as the fruit fly, nematodes, frog, and mouse. The failure to regenerate germ cells in these organisms reinforced the dogma of germline-soma barrier in which germ cells are set-aside during embryogenesis and cannot be replaced by somatic cells. However, in stark contrast, many animals including segmented worms (annelids), hydrozoans, planaria, sea stars, sea urchins, and tunicates can regenerate germ cells. Here I revie…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Free and encapsulated stem cells for skin regeneration.. Optimal skin healing is a sophisticated, coordinated process involving cellular and molecular interactions. Disruptions in this process can result in chronic wounds, necessitating medical intervention, particularly when the damage surpasses the body's regenerative capabilities. In response, novel therapies, especially tissue engineering and stem cell treatments, have been devised to restore tissue architecture and maximum functionality. Stem cells, which can differentiate into diverse cell types and regulate immune responses, hold significant potential for wound healing. Research demonstrates that integrating stem cells with scaffolds…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Tissue Regeneration of Radiation-Induced Skin Damages Using Protein/Polysaccharide-Based Bioengineered Scaffolds and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: A Review.. Radiation therapy, a highly effective cancer treatment that targets cancer cells, may produce challenging side effects, including radiation-induced skin tissue injuries. The wound healing process involves complex cellular responses, with key phases including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. However, radiation-induced injuries disrupt this process, resulting in delayed healing, excessive scarring, and compromised tissue integrity. This review explores innovative approaches related to wound healing in post-radiother…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Origins of cancer: ain't it just mature cells misbehaving?. A pervasive view is that undifferentiated stem cells are alone responsible for generating all other cells and are the origins of cancer. However, emerging evidence demonstrates fully differentiated cells are plastic, can be coaxed to proliferate, and also play essential roles in tissue maintenance, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Here, we review the mechanisms governing how differentiated cells become cancer cells. First, we examine the unique characteristics of differentiated cell division, focusing on why differentiated cells are more susceptible than stem cells to accumulating mutations. Next, we investigate why the evolution o…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Pinacocytes are flattened cells that cover the external surface and line portions of the internal canal system of sponges. Pinacocytes are key to protect and maintain the structure of the sponge, as well play a critical role in signaling, contraction, phagocytosis, and regulation of water flow. Pinacocytes can be broken down into three main types. Exopinacocytes found on the other surface, endopinacytes which line internal canals, and basipinacocytes which are key for contraction.