lotnictwo: Tamil Nadu

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Earliest curry in Southeast Asia and the global spice trade 2000 years ago.. The global spice trade has played an essential role in world history. However, because of poor preservation conditions, archaeobotanical remains of spices have been limited in archaeological contexts until now. This study reports evidence for spice processing from the archaeological site of Oc Eo in southern Vietnam, an entrepôt of the state of Funan that was occupied during the early centuries CE. Analysis of plant microremains recovered from the surfaces of Oc Eo grinding stone tools thought to be of South Asian origin has identified culinary spices that include turmeric, ginger, fingerroot, sand ginger, galangal…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Malaysia is a modern concept, created in the second half of the 20th century. However, contemporary Malaysia regards the entire history of Malaya and Borneo, spanning thousands of years back to prehistoric times, as its own history. Significant events in Malaysia's modern history include the formation of the federation, the separation of Singapore, the racial riots, Mahathir Mohamad's era of modernisation, and the nation's political upheavals of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The first evidence of archaic human occupation in the region dates back at least 1.83 million years, while the earliest remnants of anatomically modern humans are approximately 40,000 years old. The ancestors…

Evidence: 30 • authority: 92

Early Sri Lankan coastal site tracks technological change and estuarine resource exploitation over the last ca. 25,000 years.. The island of Sri Lanka was part of the South Asian mainland for the majority of the past 115,000 years, and connected most recently during the Last Glacial Maximum via the now submerged Palk Strait. The degree to which rising sea levels shaped past human adaptations from the Pleistocene and into the mid to late Holocene in Sri Lanka has remained unclear, in part because the earliest reliable records of human occupation come from the island's interior, where cave sites have revealed occupation of tropical forest ecosystems extending back to 48 thousand years (ka). T…

Evidence: 30 • authority: 72

Sri Lankan Tamils (Tamil: இலங்கை தமிழர், ilankai tamiḻar or ஈழத் தமிழர், īḻat tamiḻar), also known as Ceylon Tamils or Eelam Tamils, are Tamils native to the South Asian island state of Sri Lanka. Today, they constitute a majority in the Northern Province, form the plurality in the Eastern Province and are in the minority throughout the rest of the country. 70% of Sri Lankan Tamils in Sri Lanka live in the Northern and Eastern provinces. Modern Sri Lankan Tamils descend from residents of the Jaffna kingdom, a former kingdom in the north of Sri Lanka and Vanni chieftaincies from the east. According to the anthropological and archaeological evidence, Sri Lankan Tamils have a very long history…

Evidence: 30 • authority: 72

The region of Tamil Nadu in the southeast of modern India, shows evidence of having had continuous human habitation from 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE. Throughout its history, spanning the early Upper Paleolithic age to modern times, this region has coexisted with various external cultures. The three ancient Tamil dynasties, namely the Chera, the Chola, and the Pandya, were of ancient origins. Together, they ruled over this land with a unique culture and language, contributing to the growth of some of the oldest extant literature in the world. These three dynasties were in constant struggle with each other vying for hegemony over the land. Invasion by the Kalabhras during the 3rd century disturb…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 72

Neolithic ashmounds (also referred to as cinder mounds) are among the earliest known evidence of human occupation in the Indian subcontinent. Found primarily on the Deccan Plateau of southern India, these man-made accumulations of fossilised ash have been dated to the Neolithic period, approximately 3200 to 1200 BC. The origins and function of the mounds remained a subject of scholarly debate for many years, prompting numerous hypotheses and scientific investigations. They were traditionally interpreted as the incidental by-products of early pastoralist activity. However, contemporary research recognises them as multi-functional sites that likely served purposes including ritual performance…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 88

POPULATION TRENDS OF RICE GREEN LEAFHOPPERS IN CAUVERY DELTA ZONE OF TAMIL NADU. Peak occurrence of green leafhoppers (GLH) was observed during September and October months of the three years 1991 93. The species composition in light-trap and field collections revealed that Nephotettix virescens dominated over N. nigropictus. The seasonal incidence of GLH in the three defined seasons of Cauvery Delta Zone revealed that early planting of the crop in Kuruval season i... July 25 recorded low incidence of GLH than the late planted crop. The early as well as late planting of samba and thaladi season was susceptible to GLH. Among the weather factors. relative humidity and minimum temperature infl…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 88

Enhancing germination and seedling quality of Turkey berry (Solanum torvum) through seed dormancy-breaking methods. The Turkey berry plant (Solanum torvum Sw), used as rootstock for vegetable grafting and a key medicinal species in Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM), and homeopathy from the Solanaceae family, faces challenges in commercial cultivation due to seed dormancy, which inhibits germination. To enhance the germination and seedling quality characteristics of Turkey berries, an experiment was therefore carried out in the Department of Vegetable Sciences at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, in the years 2022–2023. In this study, effectiveness of seed dormancy-breaking…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 88

ADRH 4: A PROMISING SHORT DURATION RICE HYBRID FOR TAMIL NADU. The performance of rice hybrids was studied during the years 1994- 1997 under multilocation trials in various research stations of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The results indicated that the short duration (110-120 days) hybrid ADHR 4 was found to be promising.

Evidence: 22 • authority: 88

ADT 41 (JJ 92): A DWARF BASMATI RICE FOR TAMIL NADU. Basmati rice is praised for aroma and super fine quality. Traditional Basmati rice varieties are tall, lodging, photosensitive and with low yield potential. The improved Basmati varieties viz., Pusa Basmati 1 and Kasturi are not suitable for cultivation in Tamil Nadu because of their poor adaptation and yield. The research oriented on this line has resulted in the identification of a dwarf Basmati (AD 90190) with high yield potential retaining Basmati qualities and this selection was identified from the irradiated dwarf mutant of Basmati 370. The average grain yield is 4758 kg/ha in a crop duration of 110 days. This culture has been relea…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 72

This is a list of present-day cities by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited as a city. The age claims listed are generally disputed. Differences in opinion can result from different definitions of "city" as well as "continuous habitation", and historical evidence is often disputed. Caveats (and sources) to the validity of each claim are discussed in the "Notes" column.

Evidence: — • authority: 65