maszyny: Volvo 850

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Volvo 850 is a compact executive car that was produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1991 until 1997. Designed by Jan Wilsgaard, the car was introduced in a saloon body style; an estate style was introduced in 1993. The Volvo 850 was shown for the first time in June 1991, and the car marked a departure for Volvo, featuring multiple unprecedented features for the company; these included a transverse 5-cylinder engine driving the front wheels, a Delta-link rear axle, a side impact protection system, and a self-adjusting front seat belt mechanism. The Volvo 850 was succeeded by the Volvo S70 and Volvo V70.

Evidence: 34 • authority: 88

The OBD II System in the Volvo 850 Turbo. <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the OBD II System in the Volvo 850 Turbo. This car is equipped with a new engine, a 5-cylinder, in-line, 2.3 liter design, mounted transversely in the car. The system uses the new Bosch Motronic M4.3 Powertrain Control Module, The realization of the new diagnostic regulation is described with examples. The development of new, specialized diagnostic equipment is also described.</div>

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Improvement and evaluation of the 50th percentile female prototype rear impact dummy, BioRID P50F.. Whiplash injuries due to rear impact vehicle collisions remain a significant global concern, with females facing a disproportionately higher risk of permanent medical impairment compared to males. Current rear impact testing predominantly uses 50th percentile male dummies, such as the BioRID II, which are not representative of the female population. A 50th percentile male dummy roughly corresponds to a 90th-95th percentile female in stature and mass, which appear to render whiplash protection systems less effective for women. In preparation for future investigation of car models with known di…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

The Volvo 3-Litre 6-Cylinder Engine with 4-Valve Technology. <div class="htmlview paragraph">During 1990, the Volvo Car Corporation will Introduce a new In-line six-cylinder engine featuring three litre displacement, twin overhead camshafts and 24 valves, designated the B6304F. The engine has been designed and adapted for Volvo's top-of-the-line model 960, and it has been developed to meet the market's high demands on comfort, performance, reliability, economy and environmental friendliness.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The engine has been designed and manufactured with the help of advanced CAE technology.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The engine structure consists of five…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Demonstrating a SI-HCCI-SI Mode Change on a Volvo 5-Cylinder Electronic Valve Control Engine. <div class="htmlview paragraph">Operating an engine in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode requires the air fuel mixture to be very lean or highly diluted with residuals. This is in order to slow the kinetics down and to avoid too rapid heat release. Consequently, the operational window for the engine in HCCI mode is not the same as for the engine operating in spark ignited (SI) mode. Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine mode, in this study, is accomplished by trapping residual mass using variable valve timing.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With the residual trappi…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

The Volvo 5-Cylinder Engine with 4-Valve Technology - A New Member of Volvos Modular Engine Family. <div class="htmlview paragraph">During 1991 Volvo Car Corporation has introduced the new Volvo 850 GLT model featuring front wheel drive with transverse installation of the engine and gearbox.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The powertrain; consists of a new in-line five-cylinder engine in combination with a four speed electronically controlled automatic gearbox or a five speed manual gearbox. The engine features DOHC 20 valves, V-VIS (Volvo Variable Induction System), well tuned exhaust system and microprocessor controlled engine management systems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Volvo S80 is an executive car produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1998 to 2016 across two generations. It took the place of the rear-wheel-drive S90 as Volvo's flagship sedan. The first generation (1998–2006) was made available for the 1999 model year. It has since been built at the Torslanda Works in Gothenburg, Sweden, with a few 1999 model year cars for the North American market built at Volvo's Halifax Assembly plant. Unlike most Volvo models, it did not have a station wagon version for its first generation. The second generation (2006–2016) was released in 2006 for the 2007 model year. It has an estate version, the third generation of the Volvo V70. In June 2007, t…