hydraulika-i-pneumatyka: Hovertrain

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A hovertrain, also known as tracked hovercraft (UK) or tracked air-cushion vehicle (US), is a vehicle that is suspended on a cushion of air, similar to a hovercraft, but operates on a guideway. Unlike conventional trains, which use steel wheels on steel rails, hovertrains use air-based lifting systems and a smooth paved surface known as the track or guideway. The concept aims to eliminate rolling resistance and allow very high performance, while also simplifying the infrastructure needed to lay new lines. The first hovertrain was developed by Jean Bertin in the early 1960s in France, where they were marketed as the Aérotrain before being abandoned by the French government.

Evidence: 25 • authority: 88

Between Religion and Ethnicity: Zionism and Reform Judaism before the First World War. This chapter focuses on the beginnings of the Zionist movement and Reform Judaism in France. It provides a close study of the activities and publications of the Fédération Sioniste de France, which was created at the turn of the century that reveals French and east European cultural and political sensibilities. It suggests how Zionism may have had a broader influence on the outlook of French Jews even before the First World War. The chapter discusses the 1905 separation of church and state that paved the way for the founding of the first Reform congregation in France in 1907. It describes the modernizatio…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A tilting train is a train or locomotive that has a mechanism enabling increased speed along regular rail tracks. When a train (or other vehicle) drives around a curve at high speed, it experiences centripetal force that pushes against objects inside it. This can cause packages to slide around or seated passengers to feel squashed by the outboard armrest, and standing passengers to lose their balance and fall over. The train can physically tilt on one side, eventually causing it to derail. Tilting trains are designed to counteract this by tilting the carriages towards the inside of the curve. The train may be specially constructed such that inertial forces cause the tilting (passive tilt),…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Tracked Hovercraft was an experimental high-speed train developed in the United Kingdom during the 1960s. It combined two British inventions, the hovercraft and the linear induction motor, in an effort to produce a train system that would provide 250 mph (400 km/h) inter-city service with lowered capital costs compared to other high-speed solutions. Substantially similar to the French Aérotrain and other hovertrain systems of the 1960s, Tracked Hovercraft suffered a fate similar to those of the other projects when it was cancelled as a part of wide budget cuts in 1973.