technologia: Ceramic engineering

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Ceramic engineering is the science of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials. This is done using either heat or precipitation reactions on high-purity chemical solutions at lower temperatures. The term includes the purification of raw materials, the study and production of chemical compounds, their formation into components, and the study of their structure, composition, and properties. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, with long-range order on atomic scale. Glass-ceramics may have an amorphous or glassy structure. They can be formed from a molten mass that solidifies on cooling or chemically synthesized at low temperatures using meth…

Evidence: 64 • authority: 92

A review on the synthesis of β-TCP using different methods for biomedical applications.. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is widely utilized in biomedical applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility and strong osteoconductive properties. Its high bioresorbability in the physiological environment allows the implanted material to undergo slow, controlled degradation over time, facilitating a gradual replacement with the body's native tissue, making it particularly suitable for bone reconstruction. A large number of studies have investigated the synthesis of β-TCP using a variety of chemical approaches, including both dry and wet approaches. Each method has distinct advantages and li…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 92

Accelerated Oxide Materials Discovery Through High-Throughput Synthesis and Characterization.. Complex oxides host diverse physical phenomena and multifunctional responses, making them central to next-generation information storage, energy conversion, and smart sensing technologies. Among them, pyrochlore dielectrics, characterized by moderate permittivity and low hysteresis loss, are attractive candidates for high-energy-density capacitors. However, conventional trial-and-error strategies for exploring complex oxide phase space remain time-consuming and inefficient, limiting materials discovery. Here, we establish a high-throughput combinatorial workflow that integrates accelerated hydroth…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 92

Hydrothermal Corrosion Resistance of Reaction-Bonded SiC Ceramic: Synergistic Enhancement by Homogeneous MoSi<sub>2</sub> Distribution and Residual Silicon Reduction.. Reaction-bonded SiC (RBSC) ceramics exhibit limited hydrothermal corrosion resistance due to the presence of residual silicon. This study presents a strategy to enhance the corrosion resistance of RBSC through homogeneous incorporation of MoSi 2 and concurrent reduction in residual silicon content. Three material systems were fabricated via reactive melt infiltration: conventional RBSC with a SiC/C preform (SC), a SiC-MoSi 2 composite incorporating commercial Mo 2 C powder via physical mixing (MC), and a SiC-MoSi…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Synthesis and characterization of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 ceramics by hydrothermal method

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Synthesis of Highly Active InGaO<sub>X</sub> Solid Solution Catalysts and Their Superior Performance for CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol.. This work reports the synthesis of InGaO X solid solution catalysts with varying Ga contents via a one-step hydrothermal method, aiming to enhance the catalytic activity of indium-based catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol. Comprehensive characterization using XRD, SEM, TEM, H 2 -TPR, CO 2 /H 2 -TPD, and XPS revealed that adjusting the Ga content modulates the crystal structure and surface morphology of the catalysts. An optimal Ga concentration effectively improves the surface redox properties, modifies the distr…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Impact of Thermocycling and Artificial Aging on the Flexural Strength and Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM Dental Ceramics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Background: CAD/CAM dental ceramics are widely used for indirect restorations because of their favorable esthetic properties, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance. However, long-term exposure to thermal fluctuations, moisture, and cyclic loading may compromise their structural integrity. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of artificial aging protocols on the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM dental ceramics. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILAC…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Many ceramic materials, both glassy and crystalline, have found use as optically transparent materials in various forms: bulk solid-state components (phone glass), high surface area forms such as thin films, coatings, and fibers. Ceramics have found widespread use for various applications in the electro-optical field including: optical fibers for guided lightwave transmission optical switches laser amplifiers and lenses hosts for solid-state lasers optical window materials for gas lasers infrared (IR) heat seeking devices for missile guidance systems IR night vision. Optical transparency in materials is limited by the amount of light that is scattered by their microstructural features with…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a type of refractory ceramics that can withstand extremely high temperatures without degrading, often above 2,000 °C. They also often have high thermal conductivities and are highly resistant to thermal shock, meaning they can withstand sudden and extreme changes in temperature without cracking or breaking. Chemically, they are usually borides, carbides, nitrides, and oxides of early transition metals. UHTCs are used in various high-temperature applications, such as heat shields for spacecraft, furnace linings, hypersonic aircraft components and nuclear reactor components. They can be fabricated through various methods, including hot pressing, spa…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Solder (UK: ; NA: ) is a fusible metal alloy used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces. Solder is melted in order to wet the parts of the joint, where it adheres to and connects the pieces after cooling. Metals or alloys suitable for use as solder should have a lower melting point than the pieces to be joined. The solder should also be resistant to oxidative and corrosive effects that would degrade the joint over time. Solder used in making electrical connections also needs to have favorable electrical characteristics such as low electrical resistance (high conductivity) and durable joints. Soft solder typically has a melting point range of 90 to 450 °C (190 to 840 °F; 360 to…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Glass (UK: , US: ) is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid. Because it is often transparent and chemically inert, glass has found widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in window panes, tableware, and optics. Some common objects made of glass are named after the material, e.g., a "glass" for drinking, "glasses" for vision correction, and a "magnifying glass". Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling (quenching) of the molten form. Some glasses such as volcanic glass are naturally occurring, and obsidian has been used to make arrowheads and knives since the Stone Age. Archaeological evidence suggests glassmaking dates back to at least 3600 BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, or Syr…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Generation IV (Gen IV) reactors are nuclear reactor design technologies that are envisioned as successors of generation III reactors. The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) – an international organization that coordinates the development of generation IV reactors – specifically selected six reactor technologies as candidates for generation IV reactors. The designs target improved safety, sustainability, efficiency, and cost. The World Nuclear Association in 2015 suggested that some might enter commercial operation before 2030. No precise definition of a Generation IV reactor exists. The term refers to nuclear reactor technologies under development as of approximately 2000, and whose de…