kolej-i-drogi: Lackawanna Cut-Off

Evidence: 94 • authority: 72

The Lackawanna Cut-Off (also known as the New Jersey Cut-Off, the Hopatcong-Slateford Cut-Off and the Blairstown Cut-Off) was a rail line built by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W). Constructed from 1908 to 1911, the line was part of a 396-mile (637 km) main line between Hoboken, New Jersey, and Buffalo, New York. It ran west for 28.45 miles (45.79 km) from Port Morris Junction in Port Morris, New Jersey, near the south end of Lake Hopatcong about 45 miles (72 km) west-northwest of New York City, to Slateford Junction in Slateford, Pennsylvania near the Delaware Water Gap. When it opened on December 24, 1911, the Cut-Off was considered a super-railroad, a state-of-the-art…

Evidence: 29 • authority: 88

Children Only 3 Years Old Can Succeed at Conditional “If, Then” Reasoning, Much Earlier Than Anyone Had Thought Possible. That conditional, if-then reasoning does not emerge until 4–5 years has long been accepted. Here we show that children barely 3 years old can do conditional reasoning. All that was needed was a superficial change to the stimuli: When color was a property of the shapes (line drawings of a star and truck) rather than of the background (as in all past conditional discrimination [CD] testing), 3-year-olds could succeed. Three-year-olds do not seem to use color to inform them which shape is correct unless color is a property of the shapes themselves. While CD requires integra…

Evidence: 21 • authority: 88

Light Rail Transit Stray Current Control: How Much Water Line Protection is Really Needed?. Abstract Modern-day DC powered light rail lines are designed with many effective stray current control features built-in, principally an electrically ungrounded traction power negative return circuit. This often includes track construction measures intended to establish much higher track-to-earth resistances when compared to the streetcars of long ago. This attribute dramatically reduces stray current leakage to tolerable levels with limited if any negative impact on underground pipeline corrosion control. Case histories of water pipelines constructed near light rail lines built within the last nine…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Lackawanna Cut-Off Restoration Project is a New Jersey Transit and Amtrak effort to restore passenger service to the Lackawanna Cut-Off in northwest New Jersey. Phase 1 of the project, launched in 2011, is slated to extend NJ Transit's commuter rail service 7.3 miles (11.7 km) from Port Morris Junction in Morris County to Andover in Sussex County, bringing passenger trains to Andover for the first time in more than half a century. Service to Penn Station will require electro-diesel locomotives (such as NJ Transit's Bombardier ALP-45DP locomotives) because the North River Tunnels cannot accommodate diesel engines. Initial steps have been taken in other phases of the project, which aim to…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Lackawanna River is a 42-mile-long (68 km) tributary of the Susquehanna River in Northeastern Pennsylvania. It flows through a region of the northern Pocono Mountains that was once a center of anthracite coal mining in the United States. It starts in north Wayne County, Pennsylvania and ends in east Luzerne County, Pennsylvania in Duryea, Pennsylvania. The lower reaches of the river flow through the urban areas of Scranton, which grew around its banks in the 19th century as an industrial center. Its name comes from a Lenape word meaning "stream that forks". The river rises in two branches, the West and East branches, along the boundary between Susquehanna and Wayne counties. The branche…