klasyki: Matriarchy

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Matriarchy is a social system in which positions of power and privilege are primarily held by women. In a broader sense it can also extend to moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. While those definitions apply in general English, definitions specific to anthropology and feminism differ in some respect. Matriarchies may also be confused with matrilineal, matrilocal, and matrifocal societies. While some may consider any non-patriarchal system to be matriarchal, most academics exclude those systems from matriarchies as strictly defined. Many societies have had matriarchal elements.

Evidence: 52 • authority: 72

Androcracy is a form of government in which the government rulers are male. The males have the central roles of political leadership, moral authority, and control of property. Other terms sometimes used include phallocracy, andrarchy, or androcentric or phallocratic society.

Evidence: 52 • authority: 72

Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of authority are primarily held by men. The term patriarchy is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in feminist theory to describe a broader social structure in which men as a group dominate society. Sociologists posit that the process of socialization is predominantly responsible for the establishment of gender roles. They contend that gender roles and gender inequity function as instruments of power and have evolved into social norms that serve to maintain control over women. Patriarchal ideology explains and rationalizes patriarchy by attributing gender inequa…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

Obedience, in human behavior, is a form of "social influence in which a person yields to explicit instructions or orders from an authority figure". Obedience is generally distinguished from compliance, which some authors define as behavior influenced by peers while others use it as a more general term for positive responses to another individual's request, and from conformity, which is behavior intended to match that of the majority. Depending on context, obedience can be seen as moral, immoral, or amoral. For example, in psychological research, individuals are usually confronted with immoral demands designed to elicit an internal conflict. If individuals still choose to submit to the deman…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Social Privilege and Moral Subordination

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Development of the sense of ownership : social and moral evaluations. Développement de la notion de propriété : évaluations sociales et morales La plupart des interactions sociales humaines font intervenir des objets, et ceci dès le plus jeune âge. Dans ces interactions, les enfants semblent prendre en compte qui est le propriétaire de l’objet. La notion de propriété ne concerne donc pas seulement une personne et un objet, mais constitue une relation entre différentes personnes vis-à-vis d’un objet. Cette relation est régie par un ensemble de règles ou droits de propriété. Nos travaux portent sur la compréhension qu’ont les enfants de la notion de propriété. A quel âge les enfants acquièren…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Between Privilege and Property. This chapter illustrates how the Qing officials mainly understood banquan/copyright as a privilege granted exclusively by the state to reward publishers or authors for their outstanding works rather than a form of property that the state was obligated to protect. It discusses the two forms of state-issued banquan/copyright protection that interlocked the state's authority and cultural value of a book with the protection of a book's exclusive profit, as well as the proprietorship recognition of a book. When the two mechanisms were put in practice, publishers and authors quickly learned that such privileges might not necessarily deliver the kind of state protec…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Property, Privilege and Politics: The Coroner in Pre-Famine Ireland, 1801–1846. This chapter examines the function, status and qualifications of the men that served in the role of county coroner in Ireland in the first half of the nineteenth century. This remains an under-researched area when compared to other local government figures of authority. The history of the office exposes tensions within a politically polarised society and the need for changes in legislation. A combination of factors initially undermined the social standing and reputation of coroners. An examination of the legislation on coroners that the administration subsequently introduced suggests that the authority of the of…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism holds the position that modern societies are patriarchal—they prioritize the male point of view—and that women are treated unjustly in these societies. Efforts to change this include fighting against gender stereotypes, breaking down traditional gender roles, and improving educational, professional, and interpersonal opportunities and outcomes for women. A person who advocates for feminism is known as a feminist. Originating in late 18th-century Europe, feminist movements have campaigned for women's rights, including t…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Democracy is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people of a certain state. Under a narrow definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive elections, while broader definitions also link democracy to guarantees of civil liberties and human rights. In a direct democracy, the people have the primary authority to deliberate and decide legislation. In a representative democracy, the people elect governing officials to do so. The definition of "the people" and the ways authority is shared among them or delegated by them have changed over time and at varying rates in different countries. Features of democracy often include freedom of assembly, freedom of…