konserwowanie: Preservative

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

Evidence: 44 • authority: 72

In science, a poison is any chemical substance that is harmful or lethal to a living organism. The term of poison is used in a wide range of scientific fields and industries, where it is often specifically defined. It may also be applied colloquially or figuratively, with a broad sense. The symptoms and effects of poisoning in humans can mimic those of other medical conditions and vary depending on the type of poison and the system of the body affected. Common symptoms include alterations in consciousness, abnormal body temperature, irregular heart rate, and changes in respiration. The severity and specific presentation of symptoms often depend on the nature and dose of the poison involved.…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 72

A biocide is defined in the European legislation as a chemical substance or microorganism intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a slightly different definition for biocides as "a diverse group of poisonous substances including preservatives, insecticides, disinfectants, and pesticides used for the control of organisms that are harmful to human or animal health or that cause damage to natural or manufactured products". When compared, the two definitions roughly imply the same, although the US EPA definition includes plant protection products and some veterinary medicines. The terms…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 72

Evidence: 44 • authority: 72

Creosote is a category of carbonaceous chemicals formed by the distillation of various tars and pyrolysis of plant-derived material, such as wood, or fossil fuel. They are typically used as preservatives or antiseptics. Some creosote types were used historically as a treatment for components of seagoing and outdoor wood structures to prevent rot (e.g., bridgework and railroad ties, see image). Samples may be found commonly inside chimney flues, where the coal or wood burns under variable conditions, producing soot and tarry smoke. Creosotes are the principal chemicals responsible for the stability, scent, and flavor characteristic of smoked meat; the name is derived from Greek κρέας (kreas)…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 88

Evidence: 39 • authority: 92

Acetic Acid Bacteria: Metabolic Potential, Technological Applications and Emerging Probiotic Functions.. Acetic acid bacteria (AAB, family Acetobacteraceae ) are obligate aerobic microorganisms characterized by a highly efficient oxidative metabolism driven by membrane-bound dehydrogenases. Their ability to incompletely oxidize ethanol and various carbohydrates underlies the production of key food-related metabolites, including acetic acid, gluconic acids, and bacterial cellulose. This review summarizes current knowledge on AAB physiology, metabolic pathways, and ecological adaptations, with emphasis on their relevance to food biotechnology and value-added bioprocesses. AAB plays a central…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 88

Evidence: 39 • authority: 92

Evidence: 34 • authority: 92

What is New in Contact Allergy To Cosmetics for Physicians, Cosmetologists, and Cosmetic Users?. Purpose of review This paper aims to evaluate the burden of contact allergy caused by cosmetic products, identifying the key allergens involved and examining recent regulatory and diagnostic developments. The review addresses which substances commonly induce allergic contact dermatitis and how current trends and emerging allergens impact clinical practice. Recent findings Fragrances remain the most prevalent cosmetic allergens, with numerous compounds capable of triggering sensitization. Recent regulatory improvements in fragrance labeling are helping to reduce exposure to major allergens. Prese…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 92

Hypersensitivity to Excipients in Drugs: An EAACI Position Paper.. Drugs contain active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, compounds which enhance the pharmacokinetics, stability and palatability of the pharmaceutical formulation. While most drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) are caused by active ingredients, excipients may also be involved. Excipient-related DHR are easily overlooked and may lead to repeated anaphylaxis in patients exposed to pharmaceutical formulations containing different active ingredients. We performed an extensive review of the literature to provide practical recommendations on when to suspect and how to diagnose and manage excipient hypersensitivity. Where…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 92

Microbial contamination of medicines, medical devices, cosmetics, child and personal care products: a comprehensive review of secondary contamination risks in home-use settings.. While various compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice and regulations ensures the safety and quality of manufactured products across the supply chain, the transition from controlled environment to home use represents a lurking hazard for microbial contamination, particularly among vulnerable populations. This comprehensive review examines the nature, extent, and clinical significance of microbial contamination in home-use medicines, medical devices, cosmetics, and personal care products, identifying common patt…