rekordy: History of Iran

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The history of Iran (also known as Persia) is intertwined with Greater Iran, a region encompassing all areas that have witnessed significant settlement or influence by the Iranian peoples and Iranian languages — chiefly the Persians and the Persian language. Central to this region is the Iranian plateau, now covered by modern Iran. The most pronounced impact of Iranian history can be seen stretching from Anatolia in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, including the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus, and majority of Central Asia. It also stands in connection with the histories of other major civilizations, such as India, China, Greece, Rome, and Egypt. Iran is home to one of the world'…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and historically known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west; Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest; the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast; Afghanistan to the east; Pakistan to the southeast; and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a population of over 92 million, Iran ranks 17th globally in both geographic size and population. It is divided into five regions with 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's capital and largest city and serves as its primary economic center. Home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, the territory of present-day Ira…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

World Bank participatory urban projects for enabling and regularizing informal settlements in Iran

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Urban growth and informal settlements in Mashhad, Iran: historical trajectories and planning challenges

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Informal Settlements and Urban Management in Iran

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Human history, or world history, is the record of humankind from prehistory to the present. Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers. They migrated out of Africa during the Last Ice Age, spreading to every continent except Antarctica by its end, 12,000 years ago. Soon afterwards, the Neolithic Revolution in West Asia included the first systematic husbandry of plants and animals, and saw many humans transition from nomadic lives to sedentary existences as farmers in permanent settlements. The growing complexity of human societies necessitated systems of accounting and writing. Early civilizations then emerged in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Peru…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 2000, organized by archaeological periods. Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task.

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Genetic affinities between the ancient Greek colony of Amvrakia and its metropolis.. Background The complex historical phenomenon known as Greek colonization refers to the strategic establishment of new settlements (colonies) from the 8th to the early fourth century BCE. Unlike earlier migrations, this process was planned and driven by the need to expand trade, access resources, and develop economic as well as political networks. Corinth, a prominent commercial center in southern Greece, constitutes a prominent example for initiating colonization. By founding colonies, Corinth established a safe and continuous route for moving goods along the coasts of western mainland Greece and the Adriat…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Mesopotamian ancient DNA reveals Iron Age integration of heterogeneous Bronze Age genetic ancestries following resettlement.. Background The development of complex urban societies in Mesopotamia fundamentally shaped human history, yet the genetic dynamics underlying this process remain poorly understood. Here, we sequence DNA from 17 individuals spanning the Bronze and Iron Ages at Bakr Awa, one of northeastern Iraq's largest ancient settlements located at the border between Mesopotamia and Iran. Results Genome-wide analyses reveal substantial genetic heterogeneity during the Bronze Age, characterized by influences of Anatolian, Levantine, and Caucasus/Yamnaya-related ancestries on the loca…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Microorganisms as Shapers of Human Civilization, from Pandemics to Even Our Genomes: Villains or Friends? A Historical Approach.. Universal history is characterized by continuous evolution, in which civilizations are born and die. This evolution is associated with multiple factors, among which the role of microorganisms is often overlooked. Viruses and bacteria have written or decisively contributed to terrible episodes of history, such as the Black Death in 14th century Europe, the annihilation of pre-Columbian American civilizations, and pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the current COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, it is clear that we could not…