transport: Diesel fuel

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, fuel oil (historically), or simply diesel, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel without a spark. Therefore, diesel fuel needs good compression ignition characteristics. The most common type of diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived dies…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur content. Since 2006, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in Europe and North America has been of a ULSD type. The move to lower sulfur content allows for the application of advanced emissions control technologies that substantially lower the harmful emissions from diesel combustion. Testing by engine manufacturers and regulatory bodies have found the use of emissions control devices in conjunction with ULSD can reduce the exhaust output of ozone precursors and particulate matter to near-zero levels. In 1993 the European Union began mandating the reduction of diesel sulfur content and implemen…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

Fuel taxes without borders: Causal evidence on diesel and gasoline demand in the European Union

Evidence: 41 • authority: 88

DIESEL ENGINES—DIESEL FUEL—PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT AND TEST METHOD FOR ASSESSING FUEL LUBRICITY. <div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This SAE Standard specifies: a test method for assessing the lubricating property of diesel fuels including those which may contain a lubricity enhancing additive, and the performance criteria necessary to ensure reliable operation of diesel fuel injection equipment with respect to fuel lubrication of such equipment.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It applies to fuel used in diesel engines.</div></div>

Evidence: 41 • authority: 88

Diesel Engines - Diesel Fuel – Performance Requirement and Test Method for Assessing Fuel Lubricity. <p>This SAE Standard specifies: a test method for assessing the lubricating property of diesel fuels including those which may contain a lubricity enhancing additive, and the performance criteria necessary to ensure reliable operation of diesel fuel injection equipment with respect to fuel lubrication of such equipment. </p> <p>It applies to fuel used in diesel engines.</p>

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards that regulate pollution from the use of new land vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in European territorial waters. These standards target air pollution from exhaust gases, brake dust, and tyre rubber pollution, and are defined through a series of European Union directives that progressively introduced stricter limits to reduce environmental impact. Euro 7, agreed in 2024 and came into force in 2026, includes non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fueled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electri…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Winter diesel fuel (also known as winter diesel, alpine diesel, or winterised diesel) refers to diesel fuel enhanced to prevent it from gelling in cold weather conditions. In general it is achieved by treatment with additives that change the low temperature characteristics of the fuel.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

EN 590 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization that describes the physical and chemical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union and several other European countries. Based on 98/70/EG it allows the blending of up to 7% fatty acid methyl ester biodiesel with 'conventional' diesel - a 7:93 mix.

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Action and attitudes matter: International public opinion towards the European Union. Descriptive studies on the European Union’s global image reveal generally favourable feelings towards the European Union on the part of citizens outside Europe. However, European Union perceptions vary considerably across countries. This article argues that these patterns can be analytically explained by taking context and individual factors into account. European Union behaviour and an individual’s supranationalist attitude should exert a substantial impact on citizens’ feelings. A multi-level model confirms the expectations. These findings imply practically that the behaviour of the European Union and ot…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Properties That Potentially Limit High-Level Blends of Biomass-Based Diesel Fuel.. While today's biomass-based diesel fuels are used at relatively low blend levels in petroleum diesel, decarbonization of the heavy-duty trucking and off-road sectors is driving increasing use of higher level blends and the combination of hydroprocessing-derived renewable diesel (RD) with biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) to create a 100% renewable fuel. However, little data are available on the properties of biodiesel blends over 20 vol % into RD or conventional diesel, despite the potential for properties to fall well outside the normal range for diesel fuels. Here, we evaluate the properties of 20-80% bl…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of automotive plastic wastes to diesel range fuel.. This study investigated the pyrolysis of automotive plastic wastes (APW) for the production of diesel-grade oil products using a modified calcium bentonite clay catalyst. The research aimed to optimize the process for maximum oil yield and diesel range organics yield. The APW was characterized by its chemical composition and physical properties and the optimal temperature and catalyst amount were determined for maximum oil yield and diesel range hydrocarbons. The results showed that the APW contained mixed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), High/Low Density Polyethylene (H/LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), Poly…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

A concise review of glycerol derivatives for use as fuel additives.. Due to renewable fuel mandates worldwide, the increase in biodiesel production has caused an oversupply of low-cost glycerol on the markets, which can negatively affect the sustainability of the biodiesel industry as a whole. In order to avoid that scenario, the transformation of glycerol into value-added products has been investigated, and the production of additives for internal combustion engine fuels is one good example of glycerol valorization. The present work presents a summary of the literature describing the most important chemical pathways through which glycerol can be converted into fuel additives, to be subsequ…