geografia: Druze

Evidence: 64 • authority: 72

Jabal al-Druze (Arabic: جبل الدروز, romanized: Jabal ad-Durūz, lit. 'Mountain of the Druze'), also known as Jabal al-Arab or Jabal Hauran, is an elevated volcanic region in Hauran in the Suwayda Governorate of southern Syria. Most of the inhabitants of this region are Druze, and there are also significant Christian communities. Safaitic inscriptions were first found in this area. The Jabal Druze State was an autonomous area in the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon from 1921 to 1936, which had 42 of the Haurans ~180 towns. In Syria, most Druze reside in Suwayda Governorate, which encompasses almost all of Jabal al-Druze. This governorate is unique in Syria as it has a Druze majority.…

Evidence: 61 • authority: 72

The Lebanese Druze (Arabic: دروز لبنان, romanized: durūz Lubnān) are an ethnoreligious group constituting about 5.2 percent of the population of Lebanon. They follow the Druze faith, which is an esoteric monotheistic Abrahamic religion originating from the Levant. They identify as "unitarians", i.e. monotheists (Arabic: موحدين, romanized: muwaḥḥidīn, lit. 'believers in one [God]'). There are estimated to be fewer than 1 million Druze worldwide. The Druze are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of Beirut. Lebanon has the world's second-largest Druze population, after Syria's. Under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation), the Druze comm…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

Lebanese diaspora refers to Lebanese immigrants and their descendants who emigrated from Lebanon to countries worldwide. There are more people of Lebanese origin (15.4 million) living outside Lebanon than within Lebanon (6 million). The Lebanese diaspora consists of Christians, Muslims, Jews, Druze, and Armenians. Lebanese Christians trace their origin to several waves of emigration, beginning with an exodus ensuing the 1860 Mount Lebanon conflict. Under the Lebanese nationality law, diaspora Lebanese do not have an automatic right to return. Varying degrees of assimilation and a high degree of interethnic marriages in the diaspora communities, regardless of faith, have caused the lack of p…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 88

The Druze District Governor Nasib Beik Jumblatt and the Ottoman Policy in Mount Lebanon. This study examines the policies of the Ottoman Empire in the Shouf region during the 19th century, focusing on the prominent figures of the area. In this context, the Ottoman state's approach to the influence of Nasib Jumblatt, a significant political figure from the Jumblatt family, in the region will be discussed. As the Ottoman central government's authority weakened in the 19th century, the rivalry between the Jumblatts and Arslans, two long-standing families in the region, intensified. As a result, acquiring the district governorship of Shouf, where the Druze were densely populated, became crucial…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

The Druze faith is the third-largest religion in Syria with 2010 results recording that their adherents made up 3.2 percent of the population. The Druze are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of Damascus in the area of Jabal al-Druze. The Druze faith is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion. Syria has the largest Druze population in the world. Many Syrian Druze have been living abroad for centuries, particularly in Venezuela.

Evidence: 51 • authority: 92

Autosomal genetics and Y-chromosome haplogroup L1b-M317 reveal Mount Lebanon Maronites as a persistently non-emigrating population.. Currently, there are 18 different religious communities living in Lebanon. While evolving primarily within Lebanon, these communities show a level of local isolation as demonstrated previously from their Y-haplogroup distributions. In order to trace the origins and migratory patterns that may have led to the genetic isolation and autosomal clustering in some of these communities we analyzed Y-chromosome STR and SNP sample data from 6327 individuals, in addition to whole genome autosomal sample data from 609 individuals, from Mount Lebanon and other surrounding…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 88

Rediscovery and conservation assessments of Salvia drusica (Lamiaceae) and Centaurea trachonitica (Asteraceae) in Jabal al Druze, Syria, with lectotypification of both names and the first description of S. drusica nutlet morphology. Field surveys in Jabal al Druze, southern Syria, rediscovered Salvia drusica and Centaurea trachonitica and provided the first modern population-level documentation of both species. We provide updated information on distribution, population size, morphology, habitat, associated flora and threats, together with preliminary assessments under the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Salvia drusica was rediscovered at its historical locality at Sale on 1 May 2026,…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

Lebanon, officially the Lebanese Republic, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west; Cyprus lies a short distance from the coastline. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi). Beirut is the country's capital and largest city. Human habitation in Lebanon dates to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, it was part of Phoenicia, a maritime civilization that spanned the Mediterranean Basin. In 64 BC, the region became part of the Roman Empire and the…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

Christianity and Druze are both Abrahamic religions that share a historical traditional connection with some major theological differences. The two faiths share a common place of origin in the Middle East and are both monotheistic. Christian and Druze communities share a long history of interaction dating back roughly a millennium, particularly in Mount Lebanon. Over the centuries, they have interacted and lived together peacefully, sharing common social and cultural landscapes, despite occasional exceptions. Moreover, Druze beliefs, scriptures and teachings incorporate several elements from Christianity. Historically, the relationship between the Druze and Christians has been characterized…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

The Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate (1861–1918, Arabic: مُتَصَرِّفِيَّة جَبَل لُبْنَان, romanized: Mutaṣarrifiyyat Jabal Lubnān; Ottoman Turkish: جَبَلِ لُبْنَان مُتَصَرِّفلِيغى, romanized: Cebel-i Lübnan Mutasarrıflığı) was one of the Ottoman Empire's subdivisions following the 19th-century Tanzimat reform. After 1861, there existed an autonomous Mount Lebanon with a Christian Mutasarrif (governor), which had been created as a homeland for the Maronites under European diplomatic pressure following the 1860 Druze–Maronite conflict. The arrangement formalized confessional representation in local administration and is often discussed as a key moment in the institutionalization of sectarian govern…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

Lebanese Maronite Christians (Arabic: المسيحية المارونية في لبنان; Classical Syriac: ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ) refers to Lebanese people who are members of the Maronite Church in Lebanon, the largest Christian body in the country. The Lebanese Maronite population is concentrated mainly in Mount Lebanon and East Beirut. They are believed to constitute about 22% of the total population of Lebanon. The Maronites and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century through the ruling and social system known as the "Maronite–Druze dualism." The 1860 Druze–Maronite conflict led to the establishment of Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, an autonomous entity within the Ottoman Empire dominat…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

The 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus, also known as the 1860 Christian–Druze war, was a civil conflict in Mount Lebanon during Ottoman rule in 1860–1861 fought mainly between the local Druze and Christians. Following decisive Druze victories and massacres of the Christians, the conflict spilled over into other parts of Ottoman Syria, particularly Damascus, where thousands of Christian residents were killed by Druze fighters and local Muslim groups. The fighting precipitated a French-led international military intervention.