rekordowe-miejsca: Spectacled bear

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the Andean bear, is a species of bear native to the Andes Mountains in northern and western South America. It is the only living species of bear native to South America, and the last remaining short-faced bear (subfamily Tremarctinae). Unlike other omnivorous bears, the diet of the spectacled bear is mostly herbivorous. The species is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN because of habitat loss.

Evidence: 86 • authority: 72

Spectacled Bear Conservation (SBC) is a team of researchers and conservationists working to study and protect the endangered spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the Andean bear. Spectacled bears are the only surviving species of bear native to South America, and the only surviving member of the subfamily Tremarctinae, the short-faced bears. Their range is the Andean Mountains from Venezuela to Chile.

Evidence: 78 • authority: 72

The Tremarctinae or short-faced bears is a subfamily of Ursidae that contains one living representative, the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) of South America, and several extinct species from four genera: the Florida spectacled bear (Tremarctos floridanus), the North American giant short-faced bears Arctodus (A. pristinus and A. simus), the South American giant short-faced bear Arctotherium (including A. angustidens, A. vetustum, A. bonariense, A. wingei, and A. tarijense) as well as Plionarctos (P. edensis and P. harroldorum), which is thought to be ancestral to the other three genera. Of these, the giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus and Arctotherium angustidens) may have been th…

Evidence: 71 • authority: 72

Arctotherium ("bear beast") is an extinct genus of short-faced bears endemic to Central and South America (Neotropics) from the Late Pliocene to the end of the Late Pleistocene. Arctotherium migrated from North America to South America during the Great American Interchange, following the formation of the Isthmus of Panama during the late Pliocene. The earliest recovered remains of Arctotherium are from Central America and northern South America, with specimens referred to Arctotherium c.f. wingei and Arctotherium sp. from the Plio-Pleistocene boundary of Venezuela, and Arctotherium sp. from the Early Pleistocene of El Salvador, dated to between 3Ma and 1.8Ma. Arctotherium reappears later as…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 92

Leukoencephalomacia due to ischemic vascular accident in a Tremarctos ornatus (Spectacled bear). Abstract Tremactor ornatus (Spectacled bear) are the only ursids natives of South America and are present in many Zoo collections. Neurologic diseases are not common in this species and brain injuries are linked mainly to viral diseases; however ischemic brain events are not commonly reported. The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical, gross, microscopic, and immunolabeling findings of leukoencephalomacia due to an ischemic vascular accident in a Tremactor ornatus. A captive spectacled bear presented left-sided non-ambulatory hemiparesis, and left-sided hemineglect, but without mentation…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 92

Effects of the Ecuadorian Andes on genetic structure of the spectacled bear with new genetic datasets.. The Andes arguably contains the most important biodiversity hot spot (Tropical Andes) in the world and is home to the only extant bear (spectacled bear, Tremarctos ornatus), in South America. Two molecular population genetics studies of the spectacled bear were recently carried out in Ecuador. However, these studies had contradictory results, which could hinder the development of an adequate conservation program for this species. To resolve this issue, we analyzed three molecular data sets representing a broad geographical sampling effort. The sets included six mitochondrial (mt) genes of…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Checklist and Review of Population Genetic Studies with Molecular Markers Applied to the Wild Cat Species Present in Colombia for Conservation Purposes.. At least seven species of wild cats inhabit Colombia, and these species are also distributed throughout Mexico, Central America, and the rest of South America (jaguar, puma, jaguarundi, ocelot, margay, tigrina, and Pampas cat). A checklist and review of phylogeographic and population genetic studies on these seven wild cat species has been conducted here, as this information is vital for effective conservation programs. The jaguar is the feline species on which the most population genetic studies have been carried out in the Neotropics. In…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

A novel genotype of Babesia microti-like group in Ixodes montoyanus ticks parasitizing the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in Ecuador.. Babesia species (Piroplasmida) are hemoparasites that infect erythrocytes of mammals and birds and are mainly transmitted by hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). These hemoparasites are known to be the second most common parasites infecting mammals, after trypanosomes, and some species may cause malaria-like disease in humans. Diagnosis and understanding of Babesia diversity increasingly rely on genetic data obtained through molecular techniques. Among hard ticks, several Ixodes species are known vectors of Babesia microti-like species in the Northern Hemisphere.…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The American black bear (Ursus americanus), or simply black bear, is a species of medium-sized bear which is endemic to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. It is an omnivore, with a diet varying greatly depending on season and location. It primarily inhabits forested regions, but may venture beyond forest boundaries in search of food. Individuals are occasionally drawn to human settlements due to the availability of easily accessible food sources. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the American black bear as a least-concern species because of its widespread distribution and a large population, estimated to be t…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear native to Eurasia and North America. Of the land carnivorans, it is rivaled in size only by its closest relative, the polar bear, which is much less variable in size and slightly bigger on average. The brown bear is a sexually dimorphic species, as adult males are larger and more compactly built than females. The fur ranges in color from cream to reddish to dark brown. It has evolved large hump muscles, unique among bears, and paws up to 21 cm (8.3 in) wide and 36 cm (14 in) long, to effectively dig through dirt. Its teeth are similar to those of other bears and reflect its dietary plasticity. Throughout the brown bear's range, it inhabits mainl…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is a bear species in the family Ursidae found in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. It is the only species in the genus Helarctos and the smallest bear species, standing nearly 70 cm (28 in) at the shoulder and weighing 25–65 kg (55–143 lb). It is stockily built, with large paws, strongly curved claws, small, rounded ears and a short snout. The fur is generally short and jet black, but can vary from grey to red. The sun bear gets its name from its characteristic orange to cream-coloured chest patch. The sun bear's unique morphology with inward-turned front feet, flattened chest, powerful forelimbs with large claws suggests adaptations for climbing, an…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Arctodus is an extinct genus of short-faced bears that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene (about 2.58 Mya until 12,800 years ago). The two recognized species are the lesser short-faced bear (Arctodus pristinus) and the giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus). Of these species, A. simus was larger, is known from more complete remains, and is considered one of the best-known members of North America's extinct Ice Age megafauna. A. pristinus was largely restricted to the Early Pleistocene of the eastern United States, whereas A. simus had a broader range, with most finds being from the Late Pleistocene of the United States, Mexico and Canada. A. simus evolved from A. pristinus, but…