ryby-i-owoce-morza: Vegetarianism

Evidence: 86 • authority: 72

Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, freshwater fish, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. A person who practices vegetarianism is known as a vegetarian. Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons. Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient animal life. Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs as well as animal rights advocacy. Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, taste-related, or relate to other personal…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 72

Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products and the consumption of animal source foods, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. A person who practices veganism is known as a vegan; the word is also used to describe foods and materials that are compatible with veganism. Ethical veganism excludes all forms of animal use, whether in agriculture for labour or food (e.g., meat, fish and other animal seafood, eggs, honey, and dairy products such as milk or cheese), in clothing and fashion (e.g., leather, wool, fur, and some cosmetics), in entertainment (e.g., rodeos, bullfighting, zoos, pet ownership, circuses, dolphinariums and horse…

Evidence: 61 • authority: 72

An animal product is any material derived from the body of a non-human animal or their excretions. Examples are meat, fat, blood, milk, eggs, honey, and less known products, such as isinglass, rennet, and cochineal. The word animals includes all species in the biological kingdom Animalia, except humans. This includes, for example, tetrapods, arthropods, and mollusks. Generally, products made from decomposed animals, such as petroleum, or crops grown in soil fertilized with animal remains or manure are not characterized as animal products. Products sourced from humans (e.g. breast milk) are not typically classified as animal products. Increased production and consumption over the past 50 yea…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

Whole-food, plant-based diet (WFPB diet) refers to a type of plant-based diet that is entirely composed of fiber rich whole or minimally processed plant foods, (vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, nuts and seeds), while avoiding all animal products and ultra-processed foods. The term is generally used to distinguish itself from vegan diets that eschew all animal products but include ultra-processed foods, or other forms of plant-based diets which may include either animal products or ultra-processed foods.

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

A plant-based diet is a type of diet that consists entirely or mostly of plant-based foods. A wide range of dietary patterns fall in this category, all unified by a focus on high amounts of fiber-rich plants (vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices). They are thus defined in terms of high frequency of plants and low frequency or absence of animal food consumption. Examples include vegetarian diets, vegan diets, whole-food, plant-based diets, or "plant-forward" diets akin to the Mediterranean diet.

Evidence: 54 • authority: 92

Highly informed, yet undersupported: dietary supplement use, information sources, and perceived risks among pregnant vegans in German-speaking regions-findings from the VedieS study.. Background Vegan diets during pregnancy are commonly discussed regarding nutritional risks, often without differentiating between heterogeneous vegan populations. Empirical evidence on clearly defined subgroups who maintain a vegan diet throughout pregnancy remains scarce. Objectives This study characterized a highly selected subgroup of pregnant women adhering to a vegan diet, focusing on supplement use, information sources, counseling experiences, and perceived risks of micronutrient deficiency and overdosin…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 88

VEGAN PRODUCTS: AN ALTERNATIVE DIET FOR OBESITY. This research aims to explore the potential of vegan products as an alternative dietary option to counter the rising epidemic of obesity. The study seeks to understand the nutritional value, benets, and practicality of adopting a vegan lifestyle for weight management and overall health. The research is grounded on the premise of nutritional science and metabolic processes. Utilizing the theories of caloric intake, energy expenditure, and the physiological effects of plant-based nutrients, the study delves deep into how vegan diets can inuence weight and health outcomes. A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and cas…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Conditions for Knowledge and Application of Vegetarian/Vegan Diets Among Secondary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.. Background/Objectives : Knowledge of plant-based diets is gaining increasing significance in adolescents due to the growing popularity of vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns. To date, there has been limited research examining the level of awareness and understanding of these diets among secondary school students, as well as the factors influencing their knowledge. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of plant-based diets and to assess knowledge regarding these dietary patterns among high school students, as well as to identify factors associated wit…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Cat food is food specifically formulated for consumption by cats. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, cats in London were commonly fed horse meat sold by itinerant traders known as Cats' Meat Men or Women, who traveled fixed routes to serve households. The idea of specialized cat food developed later than dog food, as cats were long considered to be self-sufficient hunters. French writers in the 1800s criticized this view, arguing that well-fed cats were more effective hunters. By the late 19th century, commercial cat food emerged, with companies like Spratt's offering ready-made products to replace boiled horse meat. As obligate carnivores cats require animal-based proteins for essential…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Interpreting Lower HDL Cholesterol in Plant-Based Diets: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.. Plant-based dietary patterns are associated with improved cardiometabolic health, including lower concentrations of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, adiposity, inflammation, and lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, some studies report modestly reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations in populations following plant-based diets (e.g., vegan or vegetarian), whereas other studies show null associations. This has created uncertainty about whether these changes in HDL cholesterol reflect clinically meaningful harm or a neutral physiologic res…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 92

Nutrient and Discretionary Food Intake in Vegan Adult Australians: A Cross-Sectional Study.. Interest in plant-based diets, including vegan diets is increasing. Yet, there has been limited assessment of the dietary intake of contemporary vegans in Australia. Sixty-six adult Australian vegans completed a four-day, semi-weighed food diary on two occasions. Intake from diet and supplements and diet alone was compared to the Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) for selected nutrients. Risk of micronutrient inadequacy was assessed using the cut-point method, with comparison to the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI). The contribution of Discretionary Food (DF) inta…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional and human health aspects of vegan diets. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics has stated that a vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of human life. Vegan diets tend to be higher in dietary fiber, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals; and lower in calories, saturated fat, iron, cholesterol, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, vitamin B12 and choline. Researchers agree that those on a vegan diet should take a vitamin B12 dietary supplement.