Pies: Female dogs can get pregnant when their bodies undergo changes which make them receptive to male dogs

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

Changes in free-roaming dog population demographics and health associated with a catch-neuter-vaccinate-release program in Jamshedpur, India.. India's large free-roaming dog populations contribute to significant human health, environmental, and social challenges. Population management strategies, such as catch-neuter-vaccinate-release (CNVR), aim to reduce dog numbers, improve their welfare, and reduce human-animal conflict. Humane Society International (HSI; now operating as Humane World for Animals), in partnership with the Animal Health Foundation, implemented a CNVR program in Jamshedpur, neutering and vaccinating over 20,000 dogs. This study evaluated the impact of this program on dog…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of wolves. Also called the domestic dog, it was selectively bred during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-gatherers. Dogs and the modern gray wolf share a common ancestor. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated over 14,000 years ago, before the development of agriculture, though genetic studies suggest the domestication process may have begun over 25,000 years ago. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids. Dogs have been bred for specific behaviors, sensory abilities, and physical traits. Dog breeds va…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 88

Receptive Vocabulary Size of Male and Female Saudi English Major Graduates. This study measured Saudi university students’ receptive vocabulary knowledge towards the end of their final semester. The subjects were 71 Saudi male and female students. The Vocabulary Levels Test, adopted from Nation’s (2008), was administered in this study. The test assesses learners’ receptive knowledge of word meaning at the following distinct vocabulary levels: the 2nd 1,000-word level, the 3rd 1,000-word level, the 5th 1,000-word level, the 10th 1,000-word level, and the Academic Word List (AWL). The results showed different participants’ performance at different word levels with decr…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

The estrous cycle (US-EN; ) or oestrous cycle (UK-EN; ) (from Latin oestrus 'frenzy', originally from Ancient Greek οἶστρος (oîstros) 'gadfly') is a set of recurring physiological changes induced by reproductive hormones in females of mammalian subclass Theria. Estrous cycles start after sexual maturity in females and are interrupted by anestrous phases, otherwise known as "rest" phases, or by pregnancies. Typically, estrous cycles repeat until death. These cycles are widely variable in duration and frequency depending on the species. Some animals may display bloody vaginal discharge, often mistaken for menstruation. Many mammals used in commercial agriculture, such as cattle and sheep, may…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 80

Studies of the suprarenal glands of dogs. I. Comparison of the weights of suprarenal glands of mature and immature male and female dogs

Evidence: 37 • authority: 80

Do Female Dogs Age Differently Than Male Dogs?

Evidence: 37 • authority: 80

USMI in female and male dogs: artificial urethral sphincter update

Evidence: 37 • authority: 80

Figure 2 - The content of mercury in the wool of male and female domestic dogs

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) in some mammals. It occurs on a regular basis in uninseminated sexually reproductive-age females of certain mammal species. Although there is some disagreement in definitions between sources, menstruation is generally considered to be limited to primates. It is common in simians (Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and apes), but completely lacking in strepsirrhine primates and possibly weakly present in tarsiers. Beyond primates, it is known only in bats, the elephant shrew, and the spiny mouse species Acomys cahirinus. Overt menstruation (where there is bleeding from the uterus through the vagina) is found primarily in hum…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 88

Receptive Female Rats Stimulate Norepinephrine Release from Olfactory Bulbs of Freely Behaving Male Rats. In vivo perfusion of the olfactory bulbs (OB) of freely behaving male rats by means of miniaturized push-pull cannulae (PPC) revealed consistently detectable and relatively stable levels of norepinephrine (NE) output. Introduction of a receptive female rat into the male’s cage on three separate occasions resulted in a threefold increase in NE output following the second and third, but not the first exposure. No increase in NE was obtained when perfused males were similarly exposed to male rats or in the absence of social stimulation. These results demonstrate a complex, discriminatory i…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 80

Male coalitions and female behaviour affect male mating success independent of dominance rank and female receptive synchrony in wild Barbary macaques

Evidence: 37 • authority: 80

Male mate-searching strategies and female cues: how do male guppies find receptive females?