wynalazki: Renaissance

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Renaissance (UK: rin-AY-sənss, US: REN-ə-sahnss, "rebirth") was an European period of history and cultural movement taking place at the end of the Late Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern era. It is variously defined as covering the 15th and 16th centuries or, more broadly, as lasting from the 14th century to the 17th. It was characterized by the European rediscovery and revival of the literary, philosophical, and artistic achievements of classical antiquity. Associated with great change in art, architecture, politics, literature, exploration and technology, the Renaissance was first centered in the Republic of Florence, then spread to the rest of Italy and later throughou…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula, which extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi), and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Rome is the capital of Italy; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo,…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

The Italian Renaissance (Italian: Rinascimento [rinaʃʃiˈmento], "rebirth") is a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It is the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread from Italy to the rest of Europe (and also to extra-European territories ruled by colonial powers or where Christian missionaries and/or traders were active). The period marked the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era. Proponents of a "long Renaissance" argue that it started around the year 1300 and lasted until about 1600. In some fields, a Proto-Renaissance, beginning around 1250, is also accepted. The French word renaissance (corresponding to rinascimento in…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Renaissance art (1350 – 1620) is the painting, sculpture, and decorative arts of the period of European history known as the Renaissance, which emerged as a distinct style in Italy in about AD 1400, in parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music, science, and technology. Renaissance art took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity, perceived as the noblest of ancient traditions, but transformed that tradition by absorbing recent developments in the art of Northern Europe and by applying contemporary scientific knowledge. Along with Renaissance humanist philosophy, it spread throughout Europe, affecting both artists and their patrons with the developme…

Evidence: 23 • authority: 72

The culture of Italy encompasses the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, and social practices associated with the Italian Peninsula and, later, the modern Italian state. Italy has had a significant influence on the development of Western culture and civilisation. The Italian Peninsula was the center of Roman civilisation, which contributed to the spread of Roman law, the Latin alphabet, the Latin language, and institutions that influenced later European societies. Italy was also an important center of the Roman Catholic Church, the Renaissance, the Baroque, Neoclassicism, Futurism, and Fascism. Italian scholars, artists, merchants, explorers, and political movements also contributed to…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Resilience, innovation and collapse of settlement networks in later Bronze Age Europe: New survey data from the southern Carpathian Basin.. Societies of the later Early to Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2200-1600 BC) in the Carpathian Basin exhibited complex, hierarchical and regionally influential socio-political organisation that came to an abrupt end in the 16th century BC. Considered a collapse by some, this change was characterised by abandonment of virtually all central places / nodes in settlement networks. Until recently, the complexity that characterised the period was believed to have substantially diminished alongside depopulation. This model was reinforced by a combination of the loss o…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Visualizing archaeobotanical data: A comprehensive photographic record of desiccated plant remains from an early modern context at Santi Quattro Coronati, Rome.. The "Santi Quattro Coronati - archaeobotanical plates" dataset presents a comprehensive photographic collection of carpological remains recovered from a pit in the complex of Santi Quattro Coronati (Rome, Italy). The deposit, dated between the late 15th and the mid-16th century, yielded a diverse assemblage of desiccated plant remains. The dataset is novel in that it provides the complete photographic documentation of all identified taxa from a single Early Modern archaeological context, a chronological phase that remains underrepr…