ośmiornice-i-głowonogi: Sense

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the surroundings through the detection of stimuli. During sensation, sense organs collect various stimuli (such as a sound or smell) for transduction, meaning transformation into a form that can be understood by the brain. Sensation and perception are fundamental to nearly every aspect of an organism's cognition, behavior and thought. Although, in some cultures, five human senses were traditionally identified as such (namely sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing), many more are now recognized. Senses used by non-human organisms are even greater in variety and number. In organisms,…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

In medicine and anatomy, the special senses are the senses that have specialized organs devoted to them: vision (the eye) hearing and balance (the ear, which includes the auditory system and vestibular system) smell (the nose) taste (the tongue) The distinction between special and general senses is used to classify nerve fibers running to and from the central nervous system – information from special senses is carried in special somatic afferents and special visceral afferents. In contrast, the other sense, touch, is a somatic sense which does not have a specialized organ but comes from all over the body, most noticeably the skin but also the internal organs (viscera). Touch includes mechan…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 90

Octopus skin ‘sight’ and the evolution of dispersed, dermal light sensing in Mollusca. We now know that co-option, or reuse of ancestral components, plays a prominent role in the evolution of emergent systems, like the reuse of gene regulatory networks in the evolution of developmental programs for morphology. Do the evolutionary origins of animal behaviors show evidence of modular reuse that we find at other levels of biological organization? I found that the skin of Octopus bimaculoides is intrinsically light sensitive, and that bright light causes colored chromatophore organs in octopus skin to expand, even without input from the central brain or eyes. Because this Light-Activated Chroma…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Towards a neuroethological approach to consciousness.. Understanding consciousness remains a significant challenge in science. What distinguishes conscious beings from unconscious systems, such as organoids, artificial intelligence or other non-sentient entities? Research on consciousness often focuses on identifying brain activity associated with conscious and non-conscious states, primarily in neurotypical human adults. However, this approach is limited in scope when applied to entities with developmental or evolutionary trajectories different from our own. How do we investigate consciousness in infants, whose brains are still maturing or in non-human animals, shaped by diverse ecological…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

What a "Landscape of Consciousness" Means for Neurology and Neuroscience.. Purpose of review To gather (almost) all (reasonable) theories of phenomenal consciousness, describe them neutrally (largely in the words of their authors), and organize them in a comprehensive, cross-disciplinary taxonomy of categories-"Landscape of Consciousness." Perhaps the process can encourage novel ways of thinking among medical (psychiatry/neurology) practitioners and neuroscientists. Recent findings Landscape organizes more than 350 explanations of phenomenal consciousness across physicalist and non-physicalist traditions. There are 10 primary categories: Materialism. Non-Reductive Physicalism. Quantum & Dim…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 80

The Organule Concept of Insect Sense Organs: Sensory Transduction and Organule Evolution

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Smart patches for healthcare industry: a review of emerging technologies, challenges, and developmental opportunities.. Background Smart patch healthcare devices are emerging as a distinct user interface in decoding the bidirectional interaction of the five sense organs. Powered by recent advancements in nano-materials, and artificial intelligence predictions, smart patches could understand the immune response of the body by analysing the biofluids, microenvironment and analytes in the five sense organs. These eminent potentials in smart patches, inspired the necessity for a review. Thus, this review aims to bring in to the limelight the current progress in smart patch technologies, highlig…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 90

An investigation of dendritic delay in octopus cells of the mammalian cochlear nucleus. Octopus cells, located in the mammalian auditory brainstem, receive their excitatory synaptic input exclusively from auditory nerve fibers (ANFs). They respond with accurately timed spikes but are broadly tuned for sound frequency. Since the representation of information in the auditory nerve is well understood, it is possible to pose a number of questions about the relationship between the intrinsic electrophysiology, dendritic morphology, synaptic connectivity, and the ultimate functional role of octopus cells in the brainstem. This study employed a multi-compartmental Hodgkin-Huxley model to determine…