ubiór-i-moda: List of ethnic slurs

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The following is a list of ethnic slurs, ethnophaulisms, or ethnic epithets that are, or have been, used as insinuations or allegations about members of a given ethnic, national, or racial group or to refer to them in a derogatory, pejorative, or otherwise insulting manner. Some of the terms listed below can be used in casual speech without any intention of causing offense, while others may be much more offensive. The connotation of a term and prevalence of its use as a pejorative or neutral descriptor varies over time and by geography. For the purposes of this list, an ethnic slur is a term designed to insult others on the basis of race, ethnicity, or nationality. Each term is listed follo…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 72

Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such as anger, excitement, or surprise), as a grammatical intensifier or emphasis, or to express informality or conversational intimacy. In many formal or polite social situations, it is considered impolite (a violation of social norms), and in some religious groups it is considered a sin. Profanity includes slurs, but most profanities are not slurs, and there are many insults that do not use swear words. Swear words can be discussed or even sometimes used for the same pu…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

Polaco (lit. 'Pole') is a derogatory term used in Spain to refer to a Catalan person. Its etymological origins are uncertain, and all existing theories are speculative, usually based on the fact that the same word also refers non-derogatorily to Polish people. The term is primarily used in Madrid and the regions bordering Catalonia. Although rarely found in literature, it is common in colloquial speech, particularly during sporting events. Within Catalonia, the term has been reclaimed in some contexts, used without its derogatory connotations to differentiate Catalans from other Spaniards. The term is generally unknown in Poland.

Evidence: 41 • authority: 88

Responses to Offensive Speech. This chapter discusses whether there is a non-religious justification for limiting religiously offensive speech. The most commonly used argument is that the right to freedom of religion includes a more specific right to be protected from offence to one’s religious sensibilities. If this is correct, it provides a non-religious reason for censorship: even those who are hostile to religion can accept that religious freedom is an important right and that the government is justified in giving effect to rights. The European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly upheld restrictions on expression which insults religious feelings, reasoning that religious freedom, as gu…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Nigger is a racial slur directed at Black people. References to nigger have been increasingly replaced by the euphemism "the N-word", notably in cases where nigger is mentioned but not directly used. In an instance of linguistic reappropriation, the term nigger is also used casually and fraternally among African Americans, most commonly in the form of nigga, whose spelling reflects the phonology of African-American English. The origin of the word lies with the Latin adjective niger ([ˈnɪɡɛr]), meaning 'black'. It was initially seen as a relatively neutral term, essentially synonymous with the English word negro. Early attested uses during the Atlantic slave trade (16th–19th century) often c…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

Hori is an ethnic slur used against people of Māori descent, accused of being dirty, rude or even disrespectful. The term comes from a Māori-language transliteration of "George", an English name that was very popular during the early years of European colonisation of New Zealand. The usage as a derogatory term for Māori grew with the increasing urbanisation of Māori and is still common, though its usage may be less than in past decades. The level of offence implied by the use of the term has varied over time and with context. In the mid-1950s, there was a radio sketch "Dad and Hori" and in the early 1960s, the Pākehā writer W. Norman McCallum published several bestselling comedic books unde…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Many police-related slang terms exist for police officers. These terms are rarely used by the police themselves. Police services also have their own internal slang and jargon; some of it is relatively widespread geographically and some very localized.

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Balance of Power in 21st Century in Terms of Offensive Structural Realism. Offensive structural realism which based on thoughts of John Mearsheimer implies that great powers fear each other because of their unknown intentions in the conditions of uncertainty. Thus, great powers increase their relative power and maximize security in order to survival. Moreover, they pursue balancing or buck-passing strategies that depend on structures of the system. Mearsheimer called the 21st century as unbalanced multipolarity where Turkey and Iran want to become the potential hegomon in the South Caucasus, Central Asia and especially in the Middle East. Although Turkey pursues buck-passing strategy in the…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

'Diagnostic terms are consequential'.. Patients find the term 'borderline personality disorder' offensive and, from a list of alternative labels, prefer 'emotional intensity disorder'. It is suggested that any term will take on a pejorative connotation if professional attitudes do not change as well; and that this requires an alteration in the environment in which professionals operate. This should not look so strongly to compulsion to prevent suicide, but should allow therapeutic relationships to flourish. Blaming clinicians for incidents when they have few choices is counterproductive. The problem reflects a systemic impatience with patients who get better slowly or not at all.. Authors:…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

English-Language Autism Terminology Preferences of Autistic People and their Parents in the United States: Clustering Illuminates Diverse Views.. Autism terminology preferences are the subject of considerable debate and various studies, the results of which sometimes conflict. This study examined diversity in terminology preferences in a U.S. sample of 3,181 non-autistic parents and 2,098 autistic people (including 451 autistic parents). The study also examined a particularly wide range of language issues: participants rated terms for autism, possible subgroups within autism, autistic people, autism likelihood, and autistic characteristics. Non-autistic parents', autistic parents', and auti…