wynalazki: Historicity of the Gospels

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The historical reliability of the Gospels is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate. Virtually all scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus of Nazareth existed in 1st-century Judaea in the Southern Levant, but there is much disagreement around specific accounts, such as his nativity and his resurrection; the only two events with almost universal assent are that he was baptised by John the Baptist and that he was crucified by order of Pontius Pilate, a Roman prefect. According to the majority viewpoint, the three Synoptic Gospels are the primary sources of historical information about Jesus and his religious movement. The fourth canonical gospel differs greatly from the other three; it has been…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The historicity of Jesus is the debate "on the fringes of scholarship" and in popular culture regarding whether Jesus historically existed or was a purely mythological figure. Mainstream New Testament scholarship ignores the non-existence hypothesis and its arguments, as the question of historicity was settled in scholarship in the early 20th century, and the consensus among modern scholars is that Jesus of Nazareth existed in the Herodian Kingdom of Judea (specifically in Galilee) and the subsequent Herodian tetrarchy in the 1st century AD, upon whose life and teachings Christianity was later constructed. However, scholars distinguish between the 'Christ of faith' as presented in the New T…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Jesus (c. 6 to 4 BC – AD 30 or 33), also known as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and by various other names and titles, was a Jewish preacher and religious leader active in the Roman province of Judaea during the 1st century. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. Most branches of Christianity consider Jesus the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah or Christ. Accounts of Jesus's life are contained in the Gospels, especially the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament. Since the Enlightenment, academic research has produced various views on the historical reliability of the Gospels and the extent to which they reflect the historical Jesus,…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The term historical Jesus refers to the life and teachings of Jesus as interpreted through critical historical methods, in contrast to traditional religious interpretations. It considers the historical and cultural contexts in which Jesus lived. Virtually all scholars of antiquity accept that Jesus was a historical figure, and the idea that Jesus was a mythical figure has been consistently rejected by the scholarly consensus as a fringe theory. Scholars differ about the beliefs and teachings of Jesus as well as the accuracy of the biblical accounts, with only two events supported by nearly universal scholarly consensus: his baptism and his crucifixion. Reconstructions of the historical Jesu…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Nativity or birth of Jesus is found in the biblical gospels of Matthew and Luke. The two accounts agree that Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, that his mother, Mary, was engaged to a man named Joseph, who was descended from King David and was not his biological father, and that his birth was caused by divine intervention. Many contemporary scholars do not see the Nativity stories as historically factual, regarding them as laced with theology and presenting two different accounts and genealogies, though they are considered to contain some useful biographical information concerning Jesus's birth during the reign of Augustus and his father's name. Some traditional scholars have maintai…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Josephus was a first-century Jewish historian, general of Galilee during the First Jewish–Roman War, and relative of the high priestly families of the Second Temple who provided external information on some people and events found in the New Testament. Josephus was the military governor of Galilee, which is where Jesus ministered. He lived near Jesus's hometown of Nazareth for a time, and kept contact with groups such as the Sanhedrin and Ananus ben Ananus, who were involved in the trials of Jesus and his brother James. He wrote much about Galilee and its inhabitants in his autobiography The Life of Flavius Josephus, which was an appendix to Antiquities of the Jews. The extant manuscripts o…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Judaea was a Roman province from 6 to 135 AD, which at its height encompassed the regions of Judea, Idumea, Peraea, Samaria, and Galilee, as well as parts of the coastal plain of the southern Levant. At its height, it encompassed much of the core territories of the former Kingdom of Judaea, which had been ruled by the Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties in previous decades. The name Judaea (like the similar Judea) derives from the Iron Age Kingdom of Judah, which was centered in the region of Judea. Since the Roman Republic's conquest of Judaea in 63 BC, which abolished the independent Hasmonean monarchy, Rome maintained a system of semi-autonomous vassalage in the region. After Hasmonean rule…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

in the 1st century , after the death of Jesus , as a Judaic sect with Hellenistic influence in the Roman province of Judaea . The disciples of Jesus spread

Evidence: — • authority: 88

The Resurrection of Jesus and Roman Catholic Fundamental Theology. Abstract Francis Schüssler Fiorenza develops a fundamental theological approach to Jesus’ resurrection that takes seriously the contemporary critique of foundationalism. He first discusses two different contemporary approaches within fundamental theology to the resurrection of Jesus: one emphasizing probability and combining internal and external reasons, the other focusing on the life of Jesus. After analysing two distinct genre of New Testament testimonies, hymnic material, and appearances narratives, he treats the importance and function of the testimony not only as an avenue of openness to transcendence, but also as a ke…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

John Dominic Crossan on the Resurrection of Jesus. Abstract John Dominic Crossan's reconstruction of the events of Easter is based upon idiosyncratic presuppositions concerning sources and methodology, which would not be accepted by any other major NT critic. Concerning Jesus’ burial, Crossan is unable to make a plausible case for regarding Mark's account as historicized prophecy, nor does he render doubtful the historicity of Joseph of Arimathea's role in the burial. With respect to the empty tomb, Crossan fails to sustain his hypothesis that the Markan account is rooted in the Gospel of Peter and that the female dramatis personae are residue from the prior Secret Gospel of Mark. Crossan i…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

3. Jesus in his 1st-century context