zwierzęta: Macaca fascicularis

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Macaca fascicularis, variously known by common names such as crab-eating macaque, long-tailed macaque, or cynomolgus monkey, is a macaque species native to Southeast Asia. As a synanthropic species, the crab-eating macaque thrives near human settlements and in secondary forests. The crab-eating macaque has developed a variety of cultural perceptions, from being smart and adaptive, to being sacred, to even being pests in some cases. The crab-eating macaque is omnivorous and frugivorous. It lives in matrilineal groups ranging from 10 to 85 individuals, with groups exhibiting female philopatry and males emigrating from natal group at puberty. The crab-eating macaque is the only old-world monke…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 72

A wide range of non-human animals, including mammals, birds, fish, cephalopods and insects, use tools in order to achieve a goal, such as acquiring food and water, grooming, combat, defence, communication, recreation, or construction. Some tool use requires a sophisticated level of cognition. There is considerable discussion about the definition of what constitutes a tool and therefore which behaviours can be considered to be tool use. The fashioning of tools is much rarer than the use of existing objects as tools, and is only attested from mammals and birds. Primates are well known for using tools for hunting or gathering food and water, cover for rain, and self-defence. Chimpanzees have o…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 92

Paternity testing for crab-eating macaques and rhesus macaques using microsatellite markers.. Accurate macaque paternity identification is of great significance in various fields, yet relevant research remains scarce. Our study aimed to screen effective microsatellite markers for macaque paternity testing. Initially, 300 microsatellite markers were randomly selected from the genome of the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), and 12 highly polymorphic tetra-nucleotide repeat markers were identified. These markers' genetic parameters and exclusion probabilities in both crab-eating and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) populations were calculated, meeting the paternity testing requirements…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

The Philippine long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis philippensis) is a subspecies of the crab-eating macaque, known in various Philippine languages as matching/matsing or the more general term unggoy ("monkey"). It is endemic to the Philippine forests and woodlands, but especially in the mangrove forests of western central Philippines— particularly in Palawan, the Visayas, and Mindanao. The names M. f. philippinensis and M. f. philippinenesis have also been used, but arise from orthographical error.

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

The sea otter, Enhydra lutris, is a member of the Mustelidae that is fully aquatic. Sea otters are the smallest of the marine mammals, but they are also the most dexterous. Although sea otter tool use is most associated with their use of stones as anvils and hammers, they have been observed using a wide array of other objects as tools, including empty shells, driftwood, and discarded cans or bottles. Sea otters also use kelp or seaweed as an anchor to buoy themselves or to immobilize prey such as crabs. Some sea otters will even improvise techniques, such as ripping off the claws of crabs and using them to pry open the crab's own shell. Sea otters have demonstrated the capacity for social l…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating macaque, cynomolgus monkey)

Evidence: 40 • authority: 80

Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)

Evidence: 40 • authority: 92

Genomic resources for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are among the most extensively studied of nonhuman primates. This species has been the subject of many investigations concerning basic primate biology and behavior, including studies of social organization, developmental psychology, physiology, endocrinology, and neurodevelopment. Rhesus macaques are also critically important as a nonhuman primate model of human health and disease, including use in studies of infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, aging, and drug or alcohol abuse. Current research addressing fundamental biological and/or applied biomedical questions benefits from various genetic and…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 80

Long-tailed Macaque Stone Tool Use in Intertidal Habitats

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

Evolutionary history of <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> in the Pacific Islands.. As one of the oldest known human diseases, leprosy or Hansen's disease remains a public health concern around the world with over 200 000 new cases in 2018. Most human leprosy cases are caused by Mycobacterium leprae , but a small number of cases are now known to be caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis , a sister taxon of M. leprae . The global pattern of genomic variation in M. leprae is not well defined. Particularly, in the Pacific Islands, the origins of leprosy are disputed. Historically, it has been argued that leprosy arrived on the islands during nineteenth century colonialism, but some oral traditions and…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

Complex Substrates and Bedding for Environmental Enhancement and Research: Or, the Nature of Primates.. Complex substrates, including bedding, have generally been known to encourage nonhuman primate species-typical behaviors and have myriad uses in research, yet are still frequently resisted, especially in laboratory environments. Data show or suggest that complex substrates have the potential to address many primate biological proclivities-ecological and social-concurrently, and to a greater degree than is commonly appreciated. A literature review, along with an informal survey and focus group involving individuals at the National Primate Research Centers and affiliated institutions, provi…