Ciekawostka: Sir Isaac Newton was only 23 years old when he discovered the law of universal gravitation

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Isaac Newton's description of the optic chiasm.. Sir Isaac Newton is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientific minds in history, with seminal contributions across mathematics, physics-particularly optics-and the formulation of the law of universal gravitation. Less well known, however, is his extraordinary and rarely recognized contribution to the field of neurology: the early conceptualization of fiber decussation within the optic chiasm. Through his studies on light and vision, Newton proposed that optic nerve fibers cross at the chiasm-a hypothesis that would later be anatomically confirmed and provided the basis for understanding the classic patterns of visual field deficits.. A…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (English: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), often called simply the Principia (), is a book by Sir Isaac Newton that expounds Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation. The Principia is written in Latin and comprises three volumes, and was authorized (imprimatur) by Samuel Pepys, then-president of the Royal Society on 5 July 1686 and first published in 1687. After annotating and correcting his personal copy of the first edition, Newton published two further editions, one of 1713 with errors in the 1687 version corrected, and another, improved one of 1726. The Principia forms a mathematical foundation for the th…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Isaac Newton vs. Robert Hooke on the law of universal gravitation. One of the most disputed controversy over the priority of scientific discoveries is that of the law of universal gravitation, between Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke. Hooke accused Newton of plagiarism, of taking over his ideas expressed in previous works. In this paper I try to show, on the basis of previous analysis, that both scientists were wrong: Robert Hooke because his theory was basically only ideas that would never have materialized without Isaac Newton's mathematical support; and the latter was wrong by not recognizing Hooke's ideas in drawing up the theory of gravity. Moreover, after Hooke's death and taking over th…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Sir Isaac Newton ( ; 4 January 1643 [O.S. 25 December 1642] – 31 March 1727 [O.S. 20 March 1726]) was an English polymath who was a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, historian and inventor. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, achieved the first great unification in physics and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for formulating infinitesimal calculus, although he develope…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Isaac Newton vs. Robert Hooke on the Law of Universal Gravitation

Evidence: 34 • authority: 80

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight'), also known as gravitation or a gravitational interaction, is a fundamental interaction, which may be described as the force that draws material objects towards each other. The gravitational attraction between clouds of primordial hydrogen and clumps of dark matter in the early universe caused the hydrogen gas to coalesce, eventually condensing and fusing to form stars. At larger scales this resulted in galaxies and clusters, so gravity is a primary driver for the large-scale structures in the universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become weaker as objects get farther away. Gravity is described by the general theory o…

Evidence: 25 • authority: 72

Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, near Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, is the birthplace and family home of Sir Isaac Newton. In the orchard within the grounds is Newton's famous apple tree. A Grade I listed building, it is now owned by the National Trust and open to the public.

Evidence: 25 • authority: 92

Evidence: 25 • authority: 72

In physics, theories of gravitation postulate mechanisms of interaction governing the movements of bodies with mass. There have been numerous theories of gravitation since ancient times. The first extant sources discussing such theories are found in ancient Greek philosophy. This work was furthered through the Middle Ages by Indian, Islamic, and European scientists, before gaining great strides during the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution—culminating in the formulation of Newton's law of gravity. This was superseded by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity in the early 20th century. Greek philosopher Aristotle (fl. 4th century BC) found that objects immersed in a medium tend to fall at…

Evidence: 25 • authority: 72

In 1686, when the first book of Isaac Newton's Principia was presented to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke accused Newton of plagiarism by claiming that he had taken from him the "notion" of "the rule of the decrease of Gravity, being reciprocally as the squares of the distances from the Center". At the same time (according to Edmond Halley's contemporary report) Hooke agreed that "the Demonstration of the Curves generated thereby" was wholly Newton's. The modern view is that the hypothesis of the inverse square relation was known before either Newton or Hooke came to be involved. Newton's work, by reasoning along multiple avenues and casting the relationship in mathematical terms, converted…