historia: Human zoo

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Human zoos, also known as ethnological expositions, was a practice of publicly displaying people. In some cases these displays were voluntary on the part of people who willingly agreed, while in other cases the people were displayed without their consent. Such practices have been found in cultures worldwide, dating back to at least the 1500s. The practice was popular in the 1900s and early 20th Century. In many of these cases, those displayed were typically of indigenous people, and the exhibits were often linked to colonialism and imperialism. These displays often emphasized the supposed inferiority of the exhibits' culture, and implied the superiority of Western civilization, Imperial Jap…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 90

Zoo housed meerkats do not recognise human emotions. Domestic mammals can categorically process and respond functionally to human emotional cues. However, to date, it is unclear whether this ability is underlaid by shared mammal emotional processing, associative learning through exposure to humans, or has arisen through the domestication process. To disambiguate these hypotheses, we investigated whether zoo-housed meerkats (Suricata suricatta), who have not undergone the process of domestication but are regularly exposed to human contact, recognise human emotions, and whether this is modulated by human interaction levels. 35 meerkats were exposed to human emotional expressions (happy, sad,…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 90

The Zoo as Ecotourism Attraction – Visitor Reactions, Perceptions and Management Implications: The Case of Hamilton Zoo, New Zealand. This paper reports results from a survey of 359 visitors to Hamilton Zoo, New Zealand. The questionnaire comprised items relating to motives for visiting the zoo, and evaluations of attributes, thereby permitting an importance-evaluation approach. The construction of the questionnaire was prompted by zoo management wishing to learn more about what motivated visits, and whether there were perceived deficiencies in visitors' experiences of the zoo. Like other studies (e.g. Turley, 2001) it was concluded that zoos represent an opportunity for family-based trips.…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 90

Paris savages, a novel, and an accompanying exegesis : “Human zoos” and their aftermath : an examination of the archive and the place for fiction. This dissertation examines an aspect of colonial history little known outside academic circles: the ethnographic exhibition, predominantly in Europe and America, of living people promoted as being from far-away lands, “exotic” or “savage”. Although research in the last two decades by Poignant, Blanchard, Boëtsch, Bancel, Thode-Arora, Qureshi and others has gathered important historical material about such exhibitions and their role in the construction of racial stereotypes, there remain significant gaps in the record – namely, as Qureshi describe…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 90

Individual differences in zoo‐housed squirrel monkeys' (Saimiri sciureus) reactions to visitors, research participation, and personality ratings. Understanding individual differences in captive squirrel monkeys is a topic of importance both for improving welfare by catering to individual needs, and for better understanding the results and implications of behavioral research. In this study, 23 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), housed in an environment that is both a zoo enclosure and research facility, were assessed for (i) the time they spent by an observation window under three visitor conditions: no visitors, small groups, and large groups; (ii) their likelihood of participating in vol…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 90

The motivations, enablers and barriers for voluntary participation in an online crowdsourcing platform. This paper examines the phenomena of online crowdsourcing from the perspectives of both volunteers and the campaign coordinator of Tomnod – an online mapping project that uses crowdsourcing to identify objects and places in satellite images. A mixed-methods approach was used to study the enablers and barriers to participation, taking into consideration the whole spectrum of volunteers. The results show broad diversity in online volunteers, both in their demographics and the factors affecting their voluntary participation. The majority are older than 50 years and many – particularly the mo…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Open collaboration refers to any "system of innovation or production that relies on goal-oriented yet loosely coordinated participants who cooperate voluntarily to create a product (or service) of economic value, which is made freely available to contributors and noncontributors alike." The organizing principle behind open collaboration is that of peer production. Peer production communities are structured in an entirely decentralized manner, but differ from markets in that they function without price-based coordination, and often on the basis of volunteering only. Such communities are geared toward the production of openly accessible public or "common" goods, but differ from the State as w…