ludzkie-ciekawostki: Existence of God

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The existence of God is a subject of debate in the philosophy of religion and theology. A wide variety of arguments for and against the existence of God (with the same or similar arguments also generally being used when talking about the existence of multiple deities) can be categorized as logical, empirical, metaphysical, subjective, or scientific. In philosophical terms, the question of the existence of God involves the disciplines of epistemology (the nature and scope of knowledge) and ontology (study of the nature of being or existence) and the theory of value (since some definitions of God include perfection). The Western tradition of philosophical discussion of the existence of God be…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 72

In the philosophy of religion, an ontological argument is a deductive philosophical argument, made from an ontological basis, that is advanced in support of the existence of God. Such arguments tend to refer to the state of being or existing. More specifically, ontological arguments are commonly conceived a priori in regard to the organization of the universe, whereby, if such organizational structure is true, God must exist. The first ontological argument in Western Christian tradition was proposed by Saint Anselm of Canterbury in his 1078 work, Proslogion (Latin: Proslogium, lit. 'Discourse [on the Existence of God]'), in which he defines God as "a being than which no greater can be conce…

Evidence: 53 • authority: 72

The Proof of the Truthful (Arabic: برهان الصديقين, romanized: burhān al-ṣiddīqīn, also translated Demonstration of the Truthful or Proof of the Veracious, among others) is a formal argument for proving the existence of God introduced by the Islamic philosopher Avicenna (also known as Ibn Sina, 980–1037). Avicenna argued that there must be a "necessary existent" (Arabic: واجب الوجود, romanized: wājib al-wujūd), an entity that cannot not exist. The argument says that the entire set of contingent things must have a cause that is not contingent because otherwise it would be included in the set. Furthermore, through a series of arguments, he derived that the necessary existent must have attribut…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 80

An Ontological Argument for the Existence of God: Anselm, Aquinas and Kant in Dispute (<i>URAM</i> 12:177–201)

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

9. A Cosmo-Ontological Argument for the Existence of a First Cause - perhaps God

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

The Ontological Argument: First Form

Evidence: 33 • authority: 80

A New Version of the Ontological Argument

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

In philosophy of religion, the problem of evil, also known as the problem of suffering, is the philosophical question of how to reconcile the existence of evil and suffering with the notion of an omnipotent, omnibenevolent, and omniscient God. There are currently differing definitions of these concepts. The best-known historical presentation of the problem is attributed to the Greek philosopher Epicurus. Besides the philosophy of religion, the problem of evil is important to the fields of theology and ethics. There are also discussions of evil in other philosophical fields, such as secular ethics and evolutionary ethics. However, the problem of evil is usually posed in a theological context…