cuda-natury: Lake Baikal

Evidence: 44 • authority: 72

A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from the ocean, although they may be connected with the ocean by outflowing rivers. Lakes, like other bodies of water, are part of the water cycle, the processes by which water moves around the Earth. Most lakes are fresh water and account for almost all the world's surface freshwater, but some are salt lakes with salinities even higher than that of seawater. Lakes vary significantly in surface area and volume of water, but in total cover approximately 2.5 × 10…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 72

Below are the reservoirs (artificial lakes) in the world with a surface area exceeding 500 km2 (190 mi2). Reservoirs can be formed conventionally, by damming the outlet of a canyon or valley to form a lake; the largest of this type is Ghana's Lake Volta, with a water surface of 8,500 km2 (3,300 mi2). Reservoirs can also be formed by damming the outlets of natural lakes to regulate water levels, such as ones at Uganda's Owen Falls Dam (Lake Victoria) and Russia's Irkutsk Dam (Lake Baikal); they are included here and indicated with a light blue cell background. Large reservoir area does not necessarily coincide with large volume, as reservoirs with a large area tend to be shallow, such as at…

Evidence: 31 • authority: 72

Lake-effect snow is produced during cooler atmospheric conditions when a cold air mass moves across long expanses of warmer lake water. The lower layer of air, heated by the lake water, picks up water vapor from the lake and rises through colder air. The vapor then freezes and is deposited on the leeward (downwind) shores. The same effect also occurs over bodies of saline water, when it is termed ocean-effect or bay-effect snow. The effect is enhanced when the moving air mass is uplifted by the orographic influence of higher elevations on the downwind shores. This uplifting can produce narrow but very intense bands of precipitation, which deposit at a rate of many centimetres of snow each h…

Evidence: 25 • authority: 88

Estimation of Variation of Surface Area and Volume of Water in Fishing Bays of Lake Baikal. The research estimated the water surface area and volume of the bay Proval and Posol'skiy sor in Lake Baikal by using the QGIS geographic information system. The research indicated that the bays in question were very sensitive to changes in the water level of Lake Baikal. Surface area has been found to be more sensitive to changes in water level than volume. These indicators are important for the estimation of the receiving capacity of an area and can be used to predict the quantity of receiving capacity in low water periods. The results obtained may be useful in taking measures to stabilize the popu…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country in Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world, spanning eleven time zones and sharing land borders with fourteen countries. With a population of over 140 million, Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous in the world. It is a highly urbanised country, with three-fourths of its population living in urban areas. Moscow, the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and a major cultural centre. Human settlement on modern Russian territory dates back to the Lower Paleolithic. The emergence of the…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The omul, Coregonus migratorius, also known as Baikal omul (Russian: байкальский омуль), is a whitefish species of the salmon family endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. It is considered a delicacy and is the object of one of the largest commercial fisheries on Lake Baikal. The omul originated from Arctic whitefish that entered Lake Baikal via river systems roughly 20,000 years ago during the last glaciation. Adaptation to local conditions led to several ecological and morphological forms. Three main groups are recognized: the Pelagic omul, coastal omul, and benthic deepwater omul. The pelagic omul inhabits open water, spawns mainly in the Selenga River, and undertakes the longest mig…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Considerations Regarding Nominating Lake Baikal as a World Heritage Site

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Inorganic Characteristics of Surface Sediment from Lake Baikal: Natural Elemental Composition, Redox Condition, and Pb Contamination

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Figure 3: Comparison of lake surface area extracted from two different images.

Evidence: — • authority: 92

First Data on PAE Levels in Surface Water in Lakes of the Eastern Coast of Baikal.. The increasing consumption of phthalates (PAEs), along with their high toxicity and high mobility, poses a threat to the environment. This study presents initial data on the contents of six priority PAEs in the water of lakes located on the eastern shore of Lake Baikal-Arangatui, Bormashevoe, Dukhovoe, Kotokel, and Shchuchye. The mean total concentrations of the six PAEs in lakes Arangatui and Bormashevoe (low anthropogenic load) were comparable to those in Kotokel (medium anthropogenic load, 17.34 µg/L) but were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in Dukhovoe and Shchuchye (high anthropogenic load, 10.49 a…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Impact of Red Songs and Music Training Experience on Implicit Prosocial Attitudes: Evidence from the SC-IAT Paradigm and Event-Related Potentials.. Prosocial behavior is a core element of social harmony, and implicit prosocial attitudes, which may outperform explicit assessments in predicting real-world behavior, underscore their unique utility in prosocial and moral research contexts. Moreover, red songs, a distinctive musical form emerging in specific revolutionary and developmental periods of China, align with this prosocial potential, as they are characterized by lyrics advocating patriotism, collective memory, and emotional resonance. However, the specific effect of red songs on im…

Evidence: — • authority: 65