średniowiecze: Picts

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Picts were a group of peoples in what is now Scotland north of the Firth of Forth, in the Early Middle Ages. Where they lived and details of their culture can be gleaned from early medieval texts and Pictish stones. The name Picti appears in written records as an exonym from the late third century AD. They are assumed to have been descendants of the Caledonii and other northern Iron Age tribes. Their territory is referred to as "Pictland" by modern historians. Initially made up of several chiefdoms, it came to be dominated by the Pictish kingdom of Fortriu from the seventh century. During this Verturian hegemony, Picti was adopted as an endonym. This lasted around 160 years until the Pi…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

The Emergence of Empire Rome and the Surrounding World in Historical Narratives from the Late Third Century bc to the Early First Century ad. Abstract The phenomenal expansion of the Roman Empire in the two centuries from the second Punic War (219–202 bc) to the reign of Augustus (27 bc–ad 14) coincided with the beginnings, development, and (Worst) Powering of Roman historical narrative. It is the purpose of this paper to describe, at least for two important periods, the ways in which the respective prose and verse works reflected the political process and to explore the extent to which ‘imperial thought’ can be apprehended in these texts. The two periods to be dealt with are from the late…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The Cruthin or Cruithin (Old Irish: [ˈkɾuθʲinʲ]), later Cruithne (Irish: [ˈkɾˠɪ(h)nʲə]), were a people of early medieval Ireland. Their heartland was in Ulster and included parts of the present-day counties of Antrim, Down and Londonderry. Although the evidence is that they were Gaelic, their name is believed to be the Irish equivalent of *Pritanī, the reconstructed native name of the Celtic Britons, and Cruthin was sometimes used to refer to the Picts, but their relationship to these peoples is unclear. Based on their name, Kenneth H. Jackson suggested that the Cruthin descended from a group of Iron Age immigrants from Britain. The Cruthin were first mentioned in the 6th century AD. They c…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

ANONYMOUS (late third century AD): From Leyden Papyrus X and the Stockholm Papyrus

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Ephesus in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period: Changes in its Urban Character from the Third to the Seventh Century ad. The third century marked a profound change in the urban landscape of Ephesus and proved to exert a profound influence on the city's later development. There is conclusive evidence for catastrophic disasters when the city was afflicted by a series of earthquakes which led to a temporary downturn in its economic circumstances. These destructive earthquakes not only had long-term consequences for the city's appearance, but also affected the very foundations of urbanism. This chapter traces the history of Metropolis Asiae after the earthquakes of the third and fourth ce…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Sub-Roman Britain, also called post-Roman Britain or Dark Age Britain, is the period of Late Antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that began with the recall of Roman troops from Britannia to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and ended with the Battle of Deorham in 577. This period has attracted a great deal of academic and popular debate, in part because of the lack of written records from the…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

The crisis of the third century ad and late antiquity

Evidence: — • authority: 88

CERAMIC WORKSHOPS IN DACIA MEDITERRANEA (LATE THIRD – EARLY SEVENTH CENTURY AD). Dacia Mediterranea was established after the division of the first Dacia to the South of the Danube in the 280s. The town of Serdica became the capital of the province while other urban settlements in the latter’s territory which are known from the sources were Naissus, Remesiana, Germania, Pautalia and Bargala. In the 530s the town of Bargala had already been relocated to the territory of the neighbouring Macedonia Secunda, while the newly founded Iustiniana Prima was at least initially incorporated within Inner Dacia.In the late third and the fourth century most of the ceramic workshops known to date were sit…