transport: Bridge

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A bridge is a structure designed to span an obstacle, such as a river or railway, allowing vehicles, pedestrians, and other loads to pass across. Most bridges consist of a flat deck, supported by beams, arches, or cables. These structures rest on a foundation that is carefully designed to transfer the weight of the bridge to the subsoil without settling. Bridges can be constructed in a wide variety of forms, determined by the location, intended purpose, and available construction technologies. Simple bridge structures include beam bridges made from logs, and suspension bridges made of ropes or vines. The Romans and ancient Chinese built major arch bridges of timber, stone, and brick. During…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Unifying Physics, Structure, and Function in Solar Interfacial Evaporation: A Multiscale Perspective.. Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) has emerged as a low-carbon, sustainable route for seawater desalination and water purification, yet its development remains constrained by intrinsic heat loss, vapor-diffusion resistance, and insufficient interfacial energy management. Furthermore, advances in materials and architectures necessitate a unified theoretical foundation. This review establishes a multiscale theoretical framework that integrates thermodynamics, transport phenomena, material-fluid interactions, and system-level functionality to bridge these gaps. The coupled roles of thermal r…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Inspiration from nature for fiber materials and fiber electronics.. Natural fibers have evolved through optimized biosynthetic pathways to achieve an exceptional combination of strength, toughness, and compliance. Although these biological systems have inspired rapid advances in biomimetic fiber materials and fiber electronics, existing studies remain largely fragmented across biological principles, fabrication strategies, structural design, and device applications. To bridge these disconnected areas, this review proposes a bioinspiration-processing-structure-function (BPSF) conceptual framework that establishes a unified design pathway for bioinspired fiber materials and fiber electronics.…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

BS 5400 was a British Standard code of practice for the design and construction of steel, concrete and composite bridges. It was applicable to highway, railway and pedestrian bridges. It has now been replaced by the Structural Eurocodes for the design of steel and concrete structures. The standard specifies the requirements and the code of practice on design of steel, concrete (reinforced, prestressed or composite) and composite bridges that use steel sections (rolled or fabricated, cased or uncased) as well as the materials and workmanship in bridge erection. The standard also includes the specification and calculation of standard bridge loads, the application of the limit state principles…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 88

Geotechnical Assessment of Subsoil Conditions for Foundation Design of the Overhead Bridge along Olu Obasanjo Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Aim: This study aimed to characterize the subsoil geotechnical conditions along Olu Obasanjo Road in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, and to evaluate their implications for the foundation design of a proposed overhead bridge. Study Design: The work was based on an integrated field and laboratory geotechnical investigation, combining rotary borehole drilling, in‑situ testing, and laboratory analysis of soil and groundwater samples to derive design parameters for deep‑pile foundations. Place and Duration of Study: The investigation was…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The Brooklyn Bridge is a cable-stayed suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing of the East River. It was also the longest suspension bridge in the world when opened, with a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) and a deck 127 ft (38.7 m) above mean high water. The span was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge or the East River Bridge but was officially renamed the Brooklyn Bridge in 1915. Proposals for a bridge connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn were first made in the early 19th century; these plans evolved into what is now the Brooklyn Bridg…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end (called cantilevers). For small footbridges, the cantilevers may be simple beams; however, large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or rail traffic use trusses built from structural steel, or box girders built from prestressed concrete. The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough when first put into practice, as it can span distances of over 1,500 feet (450 m), and can be more easily constructed at difficult crossings by virtue of using little or no falsework.